Background. Up to 83 % of the working population has a high level of social adaptation disorder due to the pain in the lumbosacral spine. The development of translational approaches in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine is becoming increasingly important. The key methods in the differentiated approach to the treatment are laser vaporization of the intervertebral disc and radiofrequency denervation of the facet joints in the case when the pain syndrome is facet-like.
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a differentiated approach in the use of minimally invasive surgical methods in patients with discogenic and vertebrogenic pain syndrome based on an analysis of the immediate results of treatment.
Design and methods. A retrospective analysis of examination and treatment data of 101 patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine, accompanied by pain, was carried out. In 29 (28.7 %) patients, laser vaporization of the intervertebral disc was performed; in 72 (71.3 %) cases, radiofrequency denervation of the facet joints of the lumbosacral spine was used.
Results. Positive outcomes after laser vaporization were observed in 27 patients. A positive result was noted in 67 patients after radiofrequency destruction of the sinuvertebral nerve.
Conclusions. Differentiated use of minimally invasive puncture methods for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine and adequate selection of patients for these procedures often lead to the positive result.

Background. Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, which could result in
the development of purulent-necrotic lesions of soft tissues or amputation. Nitric oxide and endothelin-1 plays key role in endothelium dysfunction, thus contributing to the pathogenesis.
Objective. To evaluate the frequency of genotypes of the C786T polymorphism of the eNOS gene and the LYS198ASN polymorphism of the END1 gene in a group of patients with diabetic foot syndrome and a group of healthy donors living in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
Design and methods. In 100 healthy individuals and 198 patients with a mixed form of diabetic foot syndrome, polymorphisms were studied by PCR. The statistical significance of differences was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test.
Results. The C/C and T/T genotypes of the C786T polymorphism of the eNOS gene were more common in patients (1.2 times and 2.1 times, respectively), while the incidence of the C/T genotype was 1.4 times lower. The LYS/LYS genotype of the LYS198ASN polymorphism of the END1 gene was more frequently observed in the control group, while K/N and ASN/ASN genotype was detected 1.7 and 2.2 times more often in the patients, respectively.
Conclusion. Frequency differences in genotypes of the polymorphisms of eNOS and END1 genes in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and healthy individuals confirm their contribution to the endothelial dysfunction.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive method for assessing the neurochemical state of the brain. In recent years, the growth in the number of high-field scanners has led to a rapid increase in such studies and improvement in the quality of MRS data, the development of mechanisms and technologies for obtaining and processing results.
The review is devoted to the study of the possibilities of MRS in the study of brain neurochemistry in depression. The fundamentals of techniques and various approaches to MRS, technical requirements for the study material, advantages and disadvantages of the method, difficulties in interpreting the results, and prospects for combining MRS with fMRI and EEG are considered. Most spectroscopic studies performed in depression show an abnormal decrease in the concentrations of the amino acid neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, which is consistent with the results of post-mortem histopathological studies. Multivariate studies are needed to determine the anatomical and clinical specificity of changes in Glx and GABA levels that are found in depressed patients.
The presented material can be used and form the basis for further multimodal experiments using MRS, which may be relevant both for the informed development of more effective drugs, and last but not least, neurofeedback tools aimed at interactive interventions in the neural network organization in depressive disorders.

In recent decades, the multidisciplinary development of medicine has led to an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the development of oncological diseases. The idea of malignant neoplasms as heterogeneous objects containing cells with different genetic backgrounds made it possible to explain the selective effectiveness of one type of treatment for a certain part of the tumor cells in a patient. Numerous targeted therapies have formed the cornerstone in the treatment of various malignancies, alone or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and interventional radiology.
Interventional oncology covers both diagnostics and treatment. Its methods are minimally invasive and highly specific to the patient. Currently, personalized procedures are actively develop and allow to detect cancer cells, selectively contact and treat them. Another important problems is to evaluate drug delivery and uptake in order to make adjustments to the treatment based on the received data from the procedures and, ultimately, to predict the response. Here we will consider such interventional oncological procedures and innovative methods that are under development as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), oily transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), catheter intra-arterial delivery of nanoparticles etc. Thus, interventional oncology has unique opportunities for selective impact on tumor lesions not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for a wide range of minimally invasive percutaneous treatments.

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by a pathological change in bone tissue, excessive fragility and a decrease in bone strength as a result of the predominance of bone resorption processes over the process of bone formation. This disease manifests in the form of low-traumatic fractures occurring in result of falling from a height of one’s height, or with little physical exertion. Osteoporosis could result in the fractures of the vertebral bodies and bones of the peripheral skeleton, causing a high level of disability. Of note, postmenopausal osteoporosis develops in women against the background of the cessation of the menstrual cycle. Here we overview the role of G-protein-associated membrane receptors (GPCR family) in the pathogenesis of this disease and the prospects for finding targets among these receptors for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Malformations in the genes encoding GPCR lead to impaired bone tissue remodeling. Exploring the functions of GPCR family members is critical to the search for predisposition markers of bone tissue dysfunction and could improve the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. Studies on a model of osteoblasts differentiated from hIPSCs obtained from patients with osteoporosis associated with mutations in the genes of the GPCR family will allow a deeper understanding of the molecular nature of osteoporosis and the identification of new targets for osteoporosis treatment.

Background. Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (TAF) genesis does not exclude a genetic component due to the difference in thyroid hormones effects on the cardiovascular system in similar patients. According to genomewide association studies (GWAS), the first locus associated with non-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (AF) was locus 4q25, and the first single-nucleotide polymorphisms in it identified as risk factors for AF were polymorphisms rs2200733 and rs10033464. Their connection with TAF remains unclear.
Objective. To investigate the possible association of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2200733 and rs10033464 with TAF.
Design and methods. The association of TAF and other thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy manifestations with the studied polymorphisms was examined in a sample of 150 patients with Graves’ disease and overt thyrotoxicosis, 18.7 % of whom had TAF. Genotyping was preformed using real time PCR.
Results. A significant predominance of TT genotype for both polymorphisms was revealed: p=0.038 for rs10033464, p<0.001 for rs2200733. TT genotype frequency in TAF patients compared with non-TAF participants: 7.4 % vs 1.6 % for rs10033464, 17.9 % vs 0.8 % for rs2200733. When assessing the frequency of genotypes depending on the presence of other thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy manifestations, TT genotype was more common in patients with ventricular premature beats, p=0.001.
Conclusion. TT genotype of rs2200733 and rs10033464 polymorphisms at 4q25 locus is associated with a higher incidence of TAF and ventricular extrasystole in thyrotoxic patients.