The review presents an analysis of the modern literature on the diagnosis of head and neck tumors, as well as the study of their structural and functional features based on the use of magnetic resonance imaging technologies. The possibilities of diffusion-weighted MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis, planning and evaluation of the effectiveness of radiation and sandwich therapy of head and neck cancer are presented in the review.

The isolated and combined cisplatin, temozolomide and nerve growth factor (NGF) effects on the ultrastructural death features of human pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and medulloblastoma (MB) primary cell cultures were studied. Cisplatin induced necrosis and apoptosis death of PA and MB cells respectively. Temozolomide caused necrosis death of PA and MB cells. NGF stimulated necrosis and apoptosis death of PA cells and necrosis and mixed type death in MB cells. The NGF and cisplatin combination effect increased (p < 0.05) necrotic PA and MB cells relative to NGF and cisplatin isolated effect on PA cells and cisplatin on MB cells. The NGF and temozolomide combination effect increased mixed death of PA and MB cells relative to NGF and temozolomide isolated act. Necrosis and mixed death types are more destructive at the subcellular organelles level than apoptosis, which allows in the long term to select combinations of chemotherapy drugs that have a stronger cytostatic anticancer effect.

Background. Thermometry of acupuncture points in patients with a cardio- neurological profile with a coma in clinic in the acute period of ischemic stroke is a factor that increases the effectiveness of treatment and extends early rehabilitation measures.

Objective. The rationale for the application of monitoring the temperature of the skin surface in the area of representative acupuncture points to determine the area of influence and to control the dynamics of the course application of infrared radiation with terahertz modulation in complex treatment and early rehabilitation of patients in acute of ischemic stroke.

Design and methods. The understanding of the normal values of temperature at acupuncture points was obtained according to the monitoring its temperature indicators (“Acupuncture Points Temperature Monitoring” test = APTM-test) in 120 conditionally healthy people: 60 men and 60 women aged 23 to 65 (mean age 58 ± 2.5 years). Sensitec NF-3101 (Nederland) infrared non-contact thermometer was used to measure the temperature in points. The study took place at the departments of cardiology, resuscitation and neurology at Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The study included 60 patients of cardio-neurological profile in the acute period of ischemic stroke with clinical symptoms of coma at 24 women and 36 men aged from 18 to 86 years (mean age 59 ± 1.2 years).

Results. Exposure of acupuncture points (Bai Hui (GV 20), Guan Yuan (CV 4), Da Zhui (GV 14), Dabao (SP 21), He Gu (LI 4), Tai Chong (LV 3)) to infrared terahertz radiation was carried out prior to stabilization of temperature indicators within the normal range during regress of clinical symptoms with a decrease in thermal asymmetry at paired points in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Conclusion. A set of representative acupuncture points (APTM-test) was proposed to monitor the temperature, to select the area of exposure, and to control the dynamics of the clinical symptoms of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Acupuncture points temperature and thermal asymmetry monitoring in patients with acute ischemic stroke allows us to evaluate the regression of clinical symptoms and increase the effectiveness of complex treatment and rehabilitation.

In this study we presented the analysis of regional anesthesia (epidural and spinal) effectiveness in 72 fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC) of placental anastomoses, performed in Saint Petersburg Maternity hospital № 17. In 2008 FLC was performed under epidural anesthesia and average time of procedure was 120 minutes, in 2017 according the rising surgical experience the time of procedure reduced to 33 (23–37.5) minutes, that allowed start to use spinal anesthesia. Conclusions: regional methods (epidural and spinal) manage adequate level of anesthesia. Rising surgical experience and reducing the time of procedure to 33 (23–37.5) minutes allowed to use spinal anesthesia successfully. In 29.2 % of cases of regional anesthesia intraoperative arterial hypotension was observed but was successfully corrected by moderate vasopressors doses. No other anesthesiological maternal complications were observed, which confirming safety of regional anesthesia in fetoscopic laser coagulation of placental anastomoses.

Background. The steady growth of obesity in the children’s age group determines the need for integrated modern approaches to diagnosis and therapy.

Objective. To determine the body composition of adolescents with different body mass for the quantitative analysis of the internal environment of the organism using the method bioimpendancemetria.

Design and methods. To determine the composition of the body, 121 adolescents aged 10–17 years were examined, the average age was 13.9 years (± 2.1). Evaluation of anthropometric data and determination of BMI at the 1st stage of the study allowed to identify 3 groups of patients: group 1 — adolescents with normal body weight, 40 people (33 %), group 2 — overweight, 48 people (40 %) and group 3 — obese, 33 adolescents (27 %). At stage 2nd, the analysis of the body structure using computer impedance, which allows to determine the composition of the body in a percentage.

Results. When assessing the structure of the body, in group with normal body weight, the content of adipose tissue corresponds to the normal value. In adolescents overweight and obesity in 100 % of cases there was an increased content of fat mass. In the group of adolescents with normal body weight, the percentage deviation of AKM is 16–17 %, in the group with excess body weight 12–40 %. Insufficient as well as excessive percentage of AKM causes hunger. The higher AKM in full adolescents, the more difficult the process of weight loss. During the evaluation of the main metabolism it was found that in the group of obese patients the indicators exceeded those in the groups with normal and overweight.

Conclusion. The use of bioimpedance analysis allows to create an optimal set of sequential effects aimed at correcting the fat mass, water composition and muscle mass of the patient, which determines a more directed and effective weight loss and the possibility of dynamic control.

Background. The direct pathophysiological effects of depression on the components of MS lead to the development of atherosclerosis risk factors. The use of antidepressants minimizes life-threatening clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and the formation of a pathological stereotype of eating behavior.

Objective. To study the specific activity of antidepressants on induced metabolic syndrome in spontaneously hypertensive animals.

Design and methods. Work performed on rats (males line SHR). The intact group was on a standard diet, the control group and the groups that received the drugs (amitriptyline and intraludial vaccine, 16.2 mg/kg and 1.7 mg/kg respectively, once a day for five weeks) — on the “cafeteria diet”.

Results. With the induction of MS in the groups receiving the diet “cafeteria diet” there was an increase in body weight by 5 % relative to intact animals, fasting glucose levels exceeding 7.2 ± 0.9 mmol/l, a tendency to an increase in serum cholesterol (CS) blood more than 2.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l. Against the background of the use of the studied drugs, there was a statistically significant reduction in feed intake by 77 and 59 % and a decrease in body weight relative to the control group by 10 and 8 % respectively. Significant dynamics of indicators of GTT, cholesterol, TG, LDL and HDL with the use of antidepressants was not observed.

Conclusion. A pronounced anti-bulimic effect of the studied drugs, manifested in a decrease in feed intake, a decrease in body weight, was noted. Positive dynamics on carbohydrate and lipid exchanges, indicators of blood pressure, behavioral activity of animals was not observed.