The prospects for the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging methods in the diagnosis of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with tension headaches are quite wide, as they allow a more detailed study of the pathogenesis of the above disorders. To date, the effectiveness of osteopathy in the treatment of patients with tension headaches has been shown. It remains an open question to develop a generally accepted method of diagnosis and treatment, including the use of complementary therapies, neuroimaging objectification and determination of the state of functional connections of the brain for more accurate diagnosis and prediction of treatment effectiveness. The present review summarizes the current ideas about the etiopathogenesis of tension headache (including the study of the functional connections of the brain) and available data on the clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is one of the most common causes of hypoglycemia in infants. In the absence of adequate pharmacological correction of hypoglycemic attacks, the development of irreversible changes in the central nervous system with the subsequent disability of such patients is possible. Due to the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, in many cases surgical intervention is required. However, due to the imperfection of preoperative diagnosis, pathologists intraoperatively perform the differentiation between focal and diffuse forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. But the pancreatic pathology with congenital hyperinsulinism remains poorly understood, therefore histological and further immunohistochemical diagnosis presents significant difficulties.
This review presents data on the histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the endocrine pancreas, which may be useful in the further studies of congenital hyperinsulinism. In particular, we describe in detail the current approaches to morphological classification and intraoperative histological diagnosis of various forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. In addition, we give a detailed description of the expression of transcription factors NeuroD1, Nkx2.2 and Isl1 in pancreatic tissue during immunohistochemical study. Also, we describe the profile of immunohistochemical staining of dopamine and somatostatin receptors, as well as somatostatin and chromogranin A.
The data of numerous studies combined in this review can help researchers in the further search for solutions to the diagnostic and therapeutic problems associated with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Background and objective. Periodontal stem cells are a promising material for dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. In this work, we sought to find out how Notch signaling pathway affects the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC). Design and methods. In order to verify this, we used lentiviral transduction of PDLSC, adding various amounts of the virus bearing the activated intracellular domain of the Notch1 receptor, NICD. Using real-time PCR, we analyzed the dependence of changes in the expression levels of osteo-markers (RUNX2, COL1A1, OGN, POSTN) on the activation strength of Notch signaling pathway, based on the expression of the target gene — HEY1, in the early stages of differentiation, after 48 and 120 hours after induction of osteogenic differentiation. In addition, using the technique of Alizarin red extraction, we were able to quantify the intensity of mineralization of periodontal MSCs at the final stage of osteogenic differentiation. Results. We found that activation of Notch signaling pathway leads to increased expression of osteogenic markers in the early stages of osteogenic differentiation induction, which in turn leads to the development of the final stage of osteogenic differentiation, characterized by the formation of calcification. Moreover, the more intensive the initial level of Notch, the stronger and more effective were the processes of osteogenesis. Conclusion. In this work, we showed that activation of Notch signaling pathway leads to an increase in the osteogenic potential of periodontal PDLSC in a dose-dependent manner and induces in the cells processes associated with the accumulation of calcifications, the intensity of formation of which directly depends on the “strength” of Notch signal. The results obtained in this work convince us that Notch is able to modulate osteogenic differentiation, affecting its effectiveness, apparently due to the strength of the signal that is transmitted to the cells.

Background. Improving the quality of platelet concentrate by choosing an adequate medium for storing isolated platelets is a relevant problem of a blood function. Objective. The study of metabolic activity, platelet viability and their aggregation properties during storage of platelet concentrate in an additive solution containing sodium fumarate. Design and methods. The object of the study was donor platelet concentrates (PC). PC was obtained from donors who passed necessary examinations. Biochemical, hematological and coagulological research methods were utilized in carrying out the study. Results. During the research, reliable evidence was obtained on the best preservation of platelets by 9 days of their storage in a fumarate-containing additive solution (FCAS) as compared to storage in a commercial SSP+ solution (France). It was found that with practically the same glucose content in the compared solutions on the day of PC preparation, the glucose concentration by 9th day of observation was significantly higher in the FCAS than in the SSP+ solution. Furthermore, the FCAS was determined to have a consistently lower lactate content as compared to the SSP+ solution. In regard to their aggregation activity, the platelets prepared in the FCAS were not inferior to the platelets stored in the SSP+. Based on the results of the study, a methodology has been developed to obtain additive solution containing sodium fumarate. Conclusion. The developed composition of the additive solution allows to increase the shelf life of platelets up to 9 days, which is important for a more economical and effective use of this blood component in order to correct thrombocytopenia of various etiologies.

Background. Today, many studies reflect an increase in the antibacterial effect of drugs through the use of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles. Creation of the various forms of drugs for an external use with a slow-release active component and antibacterial activity is relevant and promising for use in the treatment of superficial wounds and injuries. Objective. Synthesis and stabilization of quasispherical silver nanoparticles for external applications. Design and methods. The citrate method was used for the synthesis of colloidal silver. Dosage forms of external use were prepared by several methods: reaction with albumin, liposomal form, thickening with Aerosil and incorporation into microspheres. Results. Several methods of possible preparation of finished dosage forms based on colloidal silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated: reaction with albumin, liposomal form, thickening with Aerosil and incorporation into microspheres. Conclusion. Further investigation of both antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity will reveal dosage forms with optimal efficiency/safety ratio.

Background. Today, the development of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery is underway. A separate place is occupied by magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxides (MNPs) due to their chemical stability, relatively high biocompatibility, and comparative ease of preparation. Unmodified MNPs can easily be oxidized, that can to lead to toxic effects and a loss of magnetic and colloidal stability, in order to avoid these effects, it is necessary to coat their surface, then to study of their effect on vascular endothelium and antioxidant status. Objective. The aim of the work was to study the effect of intravenous injection to rats of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide with various shells on the functional condition and morphology of the endothelium and on antioxidant status. Design and methods. In this work, we used colloidal solutions of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) in a 0.9 % NaCl solution. MNPs were coated with albumin (MNP + albumin), polylactide (MNP + polylactide) and polysaccharide (MNP + polysaccharide). The study was performed on male rats of the Wistar SPF-category. MNP were injected once into the lateral tail vein of rats. Vascular morphology was studied by histological methods. The functional activity of the endothelium was studied by wire myography method. The concentration of nitric oxide and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. Total antioxidant activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma were evaluated by using the method of luminol-activated chemiluminescence. Results. A single intravenous injection to rats of MNP + albumin and MNP + polylactide does not provide changes in vascular reactivity, however, the introduction of MNP + polysaccharide causes a decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation while maintaining the ability to reduce. The studied types of magnetic nanoparticles do not affect the metabolic activity of the endothelium and vascular morphology. It was found that the introduction of the studied agents causes a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation. MNP + albumin, MNP + polylactide, and MNP + polysaccharide, when it injected once intravenously, provide a similar effect, but different mechanisms of realization on the antioxidant status. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that the studied species of MNPs have equal biocompatibility when they are once administered intravenously to rats.

The purpose of this work was to study the vegetotropic and emotional-behavioral effects of the imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine. Materials and methods. In awake males of the Wistar line, the effect of moxonidine in various doses (without and with the preliminary introduction of the predominant blocker of the imidazoline receptors of efaroxan) on hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiovascular response to stress and on the behavior in the “open field” test was studied. Results. It was shown that moxonidine in the studied doses does not significantly affect the hemodynamic parameters, the components of the HRV spectrum and the locomotor activity of animals, however, it reduces the tachycardic response to the call. The last effect of moxonidine is removed by the preliminary administration of efaroxane. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study and literature data, it can be assumed that different types of receptors are involved in reducing the cardiovascular response to stress and in the sedative effect of drugs of the imidazoline group. In the first case, the effect is due to the activation of I1 receptors, in the second — α2-adrenergic receptors. Also, the results of the experiments allow us to conclude that in normotensive rats, the functional activity of imidazoline receptors is reduced in comparison with hypertensive rats. Perhaps this circumstance explains the low efficacy of moxonidine in Wistar rats.

The present article describes a clinical case of a robot-assisted surgery performed for a large tumor of the right kidney. Here, the surgery technique is described, and the main perioperative indicators are listed. Materials and Methods. A 39 year old man, according to ultrasound and MRI, revealed the growth of a right kidney in the upper third of the cyst measuring 105 × 85 × 79 mm with clear even borders, and a density of content from 13 to 22 HU, with vascularized vegetations along the capsule, and moderate contrast accumulation in thin partitions (Bosniak IV), the cyst deforms the sinus of the kidney in the upper section, the perinephral tissue was not infiltrated. Results. Kidney tumor was removed within healthy tissue. The total operating time was 290 minutes, while the surgical console time was 255 minutes. The volume of blood loss did not exceed 150 ml. The thermal kidney ischemia lasted for 33 minutes. The hemoglobin level was decreased by 10%, and the number of red blood cells — by 14 %. An increase in serum creatinine and urea levels was not observed. Patient spent one day in intensive care unit. After the surgery, two drains were placed to the resection area and were removed after the 4 and 5 days. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 10th day after the operation. Conclusions. Here, we reported a clinical case of robot-assisted resection of a large kidney tumor in a young patient. The advantages of robot-assisted surgery are associated with excellent visualization, as well as precision and accuracy of movements, together with a high level of surgical experience, it reduces the risk of intra- and post-operative complications and the nephrectomy associated with them. The young age of the patient and the high risk of possible nephrectomy, in our opinion, could be the justification for performing robot-assisted interventions, reducing the risk of nephrectomy development.