The aim of this study was to evaluate, depending upon presence, the impact of genes polymorphism Leu-28Pro APOE, G681A CYP2C19, Trp212Тer CYP2C19, Val174Ala SLCO1B1, C786T NOS3 on the clinical course of myocardial infarction (MI ) in patients with associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospital. The study included 86 patients treated in SPb Research Institute of Emergency Care. I. I. Dzhanelidze in 2016 about IM. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first (I) included 34 patients with MI and AKI. The second one — 52 patients with MI without AKI. All patients were taken venous blood, to detect polymorphic genes variants. The method was based upon the analysis of genomic human DNA, isolated from blood leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction. We compared the data of gene analysis and clinical presentation between groups. The representativeness and significance of differences between parameters in the samples evaluated using the nonparametric angular Fischer criteria, t — criteria of Student, single-factor analysis. It has been proven that patients with MI and AKI significantly higher rate of detected mutations in genetic variants such as G681A CYP2C19, C786T NOS3, Val174Ala SLCO1B1, associated with a worsening of the course of myocardial infarction in the hospital period obtained.

The aim of this work was to establish the relationship between the dynamics of geomagnetic activity during 1998-2009 y.y. and dynamics of hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases in the countries of Northern, Central and Southern Europe. In our study statistical data about hospitalizations for overall cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were taken from the European health for all database. For the evaluation of geomagnetic activity values daily indices of geomagnetic activity were taken from the site of the Space weather prediction center. A direct relationship between the planetary geomagnetic activity and the number of hospitalizations for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in countries of Northern and Central Europe has been revealed. In addition, in the Nordic countries in a year with maximum solar activity, the number of hospitalizations for IHD was signifi cantly higher than in a year with minimal solar activity. In the countries of Southern Europe, there was no correlation between the solar activity and the number of hospitalizations for the studied cardiovascular diseases. It can be concluded that geomagnetic storms cause increase in the number of hospitalizations for IHD in the countries of Northern Europe. The infl uence of geomagnetic disturbances on the number of hospitalizations for IHD decreases with the decrease in geographical latitude.

Relevance. Search of the causes of epilepsy and development of new methods of its correction is the most important problem of modern neurology. Studies in recent years focus on examining the role of neuronal apoptosis in epilepsy, the question of the death of glial cells remains poorly understood. However, it is the interaction of neurons with glia that modulates physiological brain function and underlies many neurological diseases, indicating the importance of comprehensive study of the morphological and functional status of these cells in epilepsy.

Purpose. To assess the signifi cance of apoptotic death of neurons and glia in the pathogenesis of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy by the expression of caspase-3 in brain cells and ultrastructural manifestations.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study are the samples of the cortex and white matter of the brain in the area of epileptic foci from 20 patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. The material for the comparison group obtained at autopsy from 6 patients without epilepsy. Performed studies were immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to caspase-3 and ultrastructural biopsy analyses.

Results. In every case (100%) patients with E revealed the expression of caspase-3 in gliocytes with predominant localization in the cortex of the temporal lobe. The expression of caspase-3 in neurons has been detected in 20% of observations in single cells. In the comparison group, the expression of caspase-3 was observed only sporadically in a cortical gliocytes. Using electron microscopy we identifi ed a large number of neurons in the cortex with signs of apoptosis at different stages of this process’ development. Apoptotic changes in glial cells were predominantly observed in oligodendrocytes both in the cortex and white matter of the brain.

Conclusion. Detected expression of caspase-3 in gliocytes of the cortex and white matter of epileptic foci attests to the active participation of glia in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. By electron microscopy we found that the majority of apoptotically dying glial cells are oligodendrocytes, that in particular explains the known phenomenon of myelin damage in epileptic foci. As a fact, electron microscopic detection of a large number of apoptosis neurons in biopsies of the cortex with lowlevel expression of caspase-3 in them may indicate a different nature of neuronal apoptosis. Thus, glio-neuronal apoptosis in pharmacoresistant epilepsy has a signifi cant manifestation, and this affects the progression of the disease, creating conditions for the development of status epilepticus and cognitive disorders. Further study of this issue offers the prospect of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of epilepsy.

Objective. To evaluate qualitative and quantitative composition of the wall intestinal microbiota of healthy young people living in Saint-Petersburg with gas chromatography — mass spectrometry method.

Design and Methods. The study involved 116 healthy young people (66 men and 50 women), constantly living in SaintPetersburg. The age of the examined were 20-35 years old. Quantitative composition of the wall intestinal microbiota was performed by analysis of blood with gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.

Results and conclusions. The GC-MS method allows to detect markers, components of the cells a wide range of microorganisms in study samples of normally and pathogenic human microbiota, reveal and quantitative determinate composition of the microbial community. It was determinate quantitative characteristic both for several groups of microorganisms and combined indicators: aerobes, anaerobes, healthy, opportunistic microfl ora, and their ratio in healthy young people living in Saint Petersburg.

Awareness of the population about risk factors and healthy lifestyles is the basis for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of population awareness about the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in a population of St. Petersburg residents in the framework of the ESSE-RF study.

Methods: A random selection of 1600 participants was formed within the framework of the multicenter epidemiological observational study of the Russian-American Society of Ecclesiology. All participants completed a questionnaire that included a fi ve-point rating of the negative impact of various risk factors on health. To process the results, the following notations were adopted: the score of “5” and “4” points meant that the risk factor had a “signifi cant effect”, “3” and “2” - an insignifi cant infl uence, “1” infl uenced insignifi cantly. If the patient did not answer this question, the factor was not evaluated. In analyzing the data, all patients were divided into groups by age, sex, marital status and education.

Results: More than 75% of participants named factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, overweight and high blood pressure. Such risk factors as malnutrition and inadequate physical activity were considered signifi cant by about 60-65% of survey participants. The dominant position, among the risk factors, is the excessive use of alcohol at the age of 44 years. Among the participants in the study, 1027 (64.1%) women prevailed, compared to 573 (35.9%) men. Men and women have different risk factors, such as stress (p = 0.002), high blood pressure (p = 0.008), and malnutrition (p = 0.017). Of the men in the study, 77 (13.7%) participants were never married, 455 (79.6%) are currently married, 36 are divorced (6.5%) and widowers - 1 (0.2% ). The difference in risk factors for men, depending on the marital status, is observed for stress and high blood pressure. Among the women in the study, 209 (20.6%) of the participants were never married, 562 were married at the present time (54.7%), 172 (16.8%) and widows - 78 (7.9%) were divorced. Single women think more about the effect of obesity on health, and divorced women focus on inappropriate eating and drinking.

Conclusion: According to St. Petersburg residents, regardless of age and gender, low physical activity and unhealthy diet receive the least value evaluation. Young participants consider excessive alcohol consumption and smoking to be the most important risk factors, in older age groups such risk factors as stress and elevated blood pressure are important. Women in general tend to consider lifestyle factors to be healthier and give them greater importance than men. The family situation and level of education were not associated with the level of awareness of risk factors.

Background. Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy bothers patients and leads to a deterioration in quality of life. Continence is the most important functional outcome of treatment of patients with prostate cancer.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic anatomy preservation for early continence recovery.

Design and methods. We investigated 142 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in 2011-2015. Patients were divided into 3 groups: nerve-sparing RARP (N-RARP, n=44), nerve-sparing RARP with preservation of pelvic fascia, pubo-prostatic ligaments and pubo-perineal muscles (RARP-A, n=64) and RARP with preservation of the anatomical structures of the pelvis without preservation of the neurovascular bundles (RARP-B, n=34).

Results. Groups did not differ in operation time (p=0.17), blood loss (p=0.77), intraoperative (p>0.1) and postoperative complications (p=0.64). Immediately after catheter removal and 1 month after surgery 53.9 %, 79.7 %, 54.6 % (p=0.012) and 61.4 %, 87,5 %, 84,6 % (p=0.005) of patients were continent in groups N-RARP, RARP-A and RARP-B, respectively. Correlation was found between the preserving of pelvic anatomical and continence recovery immediately after catheter removal (p=0.019) and at 1 month after surgery (p=0.001).

Conclusion. Careful preservation of the pelvic anatomy leads to an early continence after RARP.

Background. Early pulmonary complications after cardiosurgery worsen general state of the patients, require additional therapeutic and diagnostic measures, increase the pharmacological load, extend the length of stay in the hospital and in some cases leads to the lethal outcome.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the infrared radiation with terahertz modulation in the early-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients after cardiosurgery. Design and methods. This is an observational retrospective open comparative study with pseudo-control (“case-control study”). We included patients with pulmonary complications (infi ltrative and focal changes in the lungs  diagnosed as nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia) in the early post-cardiosurgery period (after coronary bypass surgery and / or prosthetic heart valves). They were divided into 2 groups: we applied infrared Terahertz radiation at the acupuncture point Da-bao (RР 21) (“IK-Dipole”, Russia) in addition to the standard therapy in the 1st group. The patients of the 2nd group received only standard therapy.

Results. Early (the fi rst day) application of infrared radiation with terahertz modulation allowed to reduce terms of stay of the patient in the intensive care unit (by 4-8 days); to reduce radiological and pharmacological stress; to reduce the intubation and ventilation time (by 4-8 days); to improve prognosis; to start earlier (by 4-8 days) the rehabilitation activities.

Conclusion. Therefore, the infrared radiation with terahertz modulation helps to improve the quality and effectiveness of treatment in patients with pulmonary complications after cardiosurgery.

Background. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia are insensibly diseases, therefore assessment of risk factors is signifi cant for their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. Now the depression is considered as factor of osteoporosis, but emotional stress is not related to risk factors of system bone diseases. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis during depression isn’t full studied. Objective — investigate the stress-induced bone resorption in rat in open fi eld.

Design and methods. The study was realized on both male and female white outbred rats. Rats were placed in open fi eld for 3, 30 and 60 minutes. Rat behavior, functional activity of stress-releasing systems, bone metabolism and weight related parameters stress-sensitivity organs and femur was measured.

Results. Placement in open fi eld had no effect on weight related parameters stress-sensitivity organs and femur. The function activity of stress systems, calcium and free hydroxyproline blood levels in rats were increased during 3 minutes in open fi eld. At this time histological changes on pelvic bone slice were not observed. Over 30 and 60 minutes in open fi eld hydroxyproline blood level was normalized, but calcium blood level was elevated and the osteocytic osteolysis traces were observed on pelvic bone slice. Stress-induced bone resorption was associated with higher grooming in rat behavior.

Conclusion. Bone resorption develop during fi rst 3 minutes of emotional stress and provided by оsteocytic osteolysis mechanism during at the least one hour.