The review presents an analysis of the literature on the diagnosis of brain tumors and the study of their structural and biological features based on application of nuclear imaging: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) with different radiopharmaceuticals (RPHs), especially amino acids (¹¹C-L-methionine and 18F-FET). It is shown PET-CT and SPECT allow to noninvasively study the most important biochemical processes underlying the oncogenesis. The obtained data can be crucial for an early detection of tumor lesion, staging the pathological process, personalization of treatment, evaluation of the efficiency of therapy and prognosis of the oncologic disease outcome.

The review discussed issues of intermittent pneumatic compression using for peripheral arterial disease treatment. Historical information, regimes and possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

This article demonstrates a case of effective and save endovascular treatment of distal aortic dissection and underlines its advantages over open surgery. The case describes successful implantation of bare metal stent into abdominal aorta. The patient of 78 years old underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair as first stage, then bare metal stent implantation as second stage. There were no complications. CT-scan in 3 month showed no endoleaks or stent migration.

The article is an overview of foreign data on the evaluation of diastolic function disorders as a predictor of cardiovascular complications in non-cardiac surgical interventions. This problem is of significant practical interest, since in modern recommendations on the stratification of cardiac risk of perioperative complications, diastolic dysfunction is not identified as a negative prognostic factor. Although current guidelines on perioperative assessment of cardiovascular risks in extracardiac surgery do not evaluate diastolic dysfunction as a risk factor, more and more data indicate a higher incidence of serious adverse cardiac events, a longer hospital stay in patients with diastolic CHF. The article presents modern evidence supporting the need to include diastolic dysfunction in the risk stratification of non-cardiac surgical interventions.

Adiponectin is the most important adipokine controlling the food behavior and energy homeostasis. At present, there is much evidence that adiponectin also regulates the functions of the reproductive system, and its targets are hypothalamic neurons responsible for the synthesis and secretion of gonadoliberin, the pituitary gonadotrophs producing the luteinizing hormone, and the gonads. In the target tissues, which are blocks of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, all the main components of adiponectin-regulated signaling system, including adiponectin and both types of adiponectin receptors, are detected. The impairments in the adiponectin signaling pathways lead to the development of reproductive dysfunctions, as a result of which this pathways in the future can become one of the most important targets of therapy of diseases of the male and female reproductive systems. In the review, the current state of the problem of the participation of adiponectin in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and the relationship between the functional status of the reproductive system and the activity of the adiponectin system in hypothalamic neurons, gonadotrophs and gonads are considered.

The review is devoted to the analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of combined positron emission and computed tomography (PET / CT) with the radiopharmaceutical ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA in the initial staging of prostate cancer in middle- and high-risk patients, the determination of the tumor focus in the biochemical recurrence of the disease, and monitoring the effectiveness of systemic and radionuclide therapy. The causes of false positive and false negative results of PET / CT are listed and indications for the procedure are presented as well. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA diagnostic possibilities as a labeled biomarker of neovascularization in malignant neoplasms of other localizations are briefly described.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the quality of laboratory rats on the dynamics of vasorenal hypertension in model “2 kidneys, 1 clamp”. Experiments were conducted on rats strain Wistar - conventional and SPF status. The dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP), beat-to-beat interval (RR) and components of the spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) were explored via 1, 2 and 8 weeks after renal artery clipping. It was found, that conventional and SPF animals differ in basic parameters. SPF rats have a SBP below, RR and HRV more, compared to conventional animals. Through 8 weeks after renal artery clipping in rats with SPF status rise SBP was lower, compared to conventional animals. Marked similarities in the dynamics of vasorenal hypertension for both groups of animals: increase sympathetic nervous system activity markers of spectrum HRV in the initial weeks after renal artery clipping, stable vasorenal hypertension did not develop in all clipped rats, and the tendency to decrease the length of RR in the development of stable vasorenal hypertension. In addition, there was a significant reduction in HRV through 8 weeks following renal artery clipping in SPF rats. As a result, although vasorenal hypertension developed better in the group of conventional rats, the dynamics of variability of RR was more pronounced in animals with SPF status, besides, fewer animals with SPF status were required to detect changes in the components of the HRV spectrum than conventional animals.