Особенности диагностики и тактики ведения пациентов с кардиогенным саркоидозом (обзор литературы и клинические случаи)

Диагностика саркоидоза сердца остается сложной задачей и требует проведения дифференциального поиска с исключением других возможных причин патологических изменений. Трудности в диагностике обусловлены отсутствием известных причин заболевания, а также неспецифичностью клинических проявлений. Целью представленного обзора явился анализ данных за последние десять лет, касающихся диагностики саркоидоза сердца. Материалы и методы: статья представляет собой обзор современной литературы, посвященной диагностике саркоидоза сердца. Поиск публикаций проводился в международных и отечественных электронных базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY. RU. Использовались следующие ключевые слова и их комбинации на английском и русском языках: cardiac sarcoidosis, sarcoidosis of the heart, cardiac sarcoidosis, heart transplantation for sarcoidosis, diagnosis of sarcoidosis, саркоидоз сердца, кардиальный саркоидоз, трансплантация сердца при саркоидозе, диагностика саркоидоза. Результаты. В обзор включались публикации преимущественно за 2016–2026 гг., а также более ранние фундаментальные исследования и международные клинические рекомендации, имеющие ключевое значение для понимания проблемы. Отбирались систематические обзоры, метаанализы, клинические рекомендации профессиональных сообществ, проспективные и ретроспективные исследования, а также крупные регистры пациентов, посвященные диагностике, лечению и прогнозу саркоидоза сердца. Заключение: в данном обзоре сделан акцент на современных методах диагностики и тактике ведения пациентов с саркоидозом сердца, который представляет собой одно из наиболее тяжелых и неблагоприятных с прогностической точки зрения проявлений системного саркоидоза. Его диагностика часто задерживается из-за неспецифических симптомов и очагового распределения гранулематозного воспаления в миокарде. Представленные клинические случаи наглядно демонстрируют возможности современной диагностики и лечения пациентов с саркоидозом сердца.

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