Биомедицинское использование наноконъюгатов на основе оксида графена и фуллеренов c цитостатическими препаратами.

Медицина рассматривается как одна из наиболее перспективных и важнейших областей применения современных нанотехнологий. Так, многообещающим направлением является использование наноструктур для адресной (таргетной) доставки лекарственных средств, для обеспечения пролонгированного действия лекарств, для диагностики и изготовления изделий медицинского назначения. Превосходные электрические, механические и оптические свойства углеродных наночастиц, а также простота их функционализации позволили им стать привлекательными кандидатами для создания новых материалов, в том числе и для биомедицинского применения. Как показал анализ современных литературных данных, значительное количество научных исследований, выполненных в области экспериментальной онкологии, были посвящены разработке методов направленной доставки противоопухолевых средств к биологическим мишеням, в том числе с использованием наночастиц. Таким образом, создание противоопухолевых препаратов на основе конъюгатов цитостатических препаратов с углеродными наноструктурами является одним из наиболее активно развивающихся направлений медицинской химии. В данном обзоре рассмотрены научные достижения в области получения и исследования свойств наноконъюгатов на основе оксида графена и фуллеренов с цитостатическими препаратами (такими как: паклитаксел, карбоплатин, цисплатин, доксорубицин, гемцитабин и др.), механизмы их действия и области практического применения углеродных наноструктур в биомедицине. Отдельное внимание уделено требованиям, предъявляемым к наноносителям, способам адресной доставки наноконъюгатов к биологическим мишеням, преимуществам применения противоопухолевых средств в составе наноконъюгатов на основе углеродных наноструктур. Кроме того, в обзоре обобщены и обозначены имеющиеся в настоящий момент проблемы применения углеродных наноструктур в биомедицине.

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