Assessment of global, segmental longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and endothelial function in children with family hypercholesterolemia

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC) is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. The relevance of early diagnosis and treatment is due to the risk of premature development of atherosclerosis. Coronary heart disease due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries occurs among FHC patients up to 30 years. Currently, cardiac morphology and myocardial function in children with FHC are poorly understood. Objective. To assess global, segmental longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Design and methods. The study involved 25 healthy children and 34 children with FHC. Endothelin-1 and NO were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Echocardiographic study was carried. Assessment of global and segmental longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle was carried out in 4-chamber apical, 3-chamber and 2-chamber projections. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in global longitudinal strain (GLD) between groups. Individual analysis showed that 2 patients with FHC had a decrease in GLD. There was a statistically significant decrease in parameters in FHC patients at the level of the basal and apical anterior-septal, basal lower segments. Endothelin-1 and NO were increased in FHC compared to the control group. Conclusion. Speckle-tracking echocardiography allowed identifying patients with a decrease in global and segmental longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle among children with FHC. 

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