Количественная ультразвуковая оценка показателей деформации миокарда: от теории к практике

Оценка систолической и диастолической функции миокарда является одной из основных задач эхокардиографии. Однако использования стандартных параметров иногда оказывается недостаточно для принятия клинических решений и определения прогноза у пациента. В связи с этим в клиническую практику активно внедряются новые показатели деформации и скорости деформации миокарда, которые дают ценную информацию о начальных изменениях, происходящих в миокарде при различных клинических состояниях. Эти методики количественной оценки систолической функции левого и правого желудочков находят свое применение у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией, ишемической болезнью сердца, гипертрофической и дилатационной кардиомиопатиями, а также при наличии клапанных пороков сердца, таких как аортальный стеноз, аортальная и митральная недостаточность. Кроме того, особой нишей для использования деформации миокарда стал анализ серошкальных изображений у пациентов с болезнями накопления миокарда, пациентов, получающих кардиотоксические препараты по поводу онкологических заболеваний, и пациентов после трансплантации сердца. В данном литературном обзоре продемонстрированы возможности клинического применения оценки деформации миокарда при различных патологических состояниях, при которых этот анализ может иметь клиническое значение.

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