Fibrin scaffolds containing dental pulp stem cells for the repair of periodontal bone defects

Background. 3D scaffolds plays an important role in developing new approaches in modern dentistry. They are used to establish optimal conditions for cell differentiation, vascularization and remodeling of regenerating bone tissue.

Objective. Evaluation of the possibility of creating scaffolds developed on the basis of 3D modeling of periodontal bone defects and containing tooth pulp stem cells.

Materials and Methods. The computer tomography data of the maxillar bone tissue defect were analysed. Anatomical prototype — a mold representing defects of the vestibular and palatal fragments of bone tissue was created by 3D printing. This 3D form was filled with fibrin glue and dental pulp stem cells. The fibrin glue was prepared from autologous blood plasma and mixed with dental pulp stem cells.

Results. Fibrin glue prepared from an autologous plasma concentrate (fibrinogen 20 g/l) retains its shape for 4 days. On the day 5, the clot retraction became clearly visible and on the day 7, the clot diameter decreased to 50 % of the original size. The proliferation rate of cells, grown both inside the scaffold and in 2D conditions, did not differ. The immunophenotype of cells of both groups corresponded to the immunophenotype of mesenchy mal stromal cells. The mesenchymal immunophenotype is a feature of dental stem cells. Alizarin red staining of cells both grown on adhesive culture plastic and extracted from glue on day 10 after the induction of osteogenic differentiation did not differ.

Conclusion. The fibrin glue is a good material for creation a scaffold with suitable mechanical characteristics. The cells enclosed in the fibrin glue maintain their viability, immunophenotype and osteogenic potential. This technology can be used for bone tissue repair in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.

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