Таргетная доставка антиоксидантов в миокард с помощью наноразмерных носителей: современный подход к уменьшению ишемическиреперфузионного повреждения

Ишемическая болезнь сердца остается одной из наиболее частых причин смерти человека в мире и лидирует в структуре смертности. Ишемически-реперфузионное повреждение миокарда, представляющее собой патогенетическую основу ишемической болезни сердца, включает избыточное образование активных форм кислорода, приводящих к оксидативному повреждению миокарда. Наиболее логичным способом борьбы с избытком активных форм кислорода является использование антиоксидантов, показавших свою эффективность в экспериментальных исследованиях. Однако для системного использования лекарственных средств на основе антиоксидантов в условиях клиники необходимы соответствующие способы их таргетной доставки. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются механизмы генерации и действия активных форм кислорода при ишемически-реперфузионном повреждении сердца, а также последствия оксидативного повреждения миокарда. Авторами раскрываются принципы направленной доставки антиоксидантов в сердце, основанные как на пассивном способе, так и на активном способе доставки, при котором используются тропные к ишемизированной ткани лиганды, например, таргетные хоуминг-пептиды. Представленный в обзоре анализ результатов различных исследований показывает, что доставка с использованием подобных специфических лигандов может способствовать повышению биодоступности антиоксидантов, а также кардиопротективной эффективности лекарств, созданных на их основе. В будущем использование искусственного интеллекта для дизайна высокоаффинных таргетных пептидов может открыть новые возможности для персонализированной терапии ишемической болезни сердца. Таким образом, разработка систем направленного транспорта лекарственных средств представляет собой одну из наиболее перспективных стратегий для повышения эффективности терапии ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения миокарда.

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