An analysis of fetoinfantile losses in the Komi Republic

Background. The preservation of maternal and child health is an important component of health care. 2024 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 22.11.2023 No. 875 was declared the year of the family. The current negative dynamics of demographic processes in modern society raises the problem of ensuring a high level of survival and health of newborns. This issue carries importance both at the state level as a whole and at the strategic level to maintain the population size both at the federal level and in each of its regions, including the Komi Republic. In the conditions of the demographic crisis, not only in the Komi Republic, but also in the Russian Federation, the analysis of fetoinfantile losses plays an important role. The population living in the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them is subjected to a complex of extreme natural and climatic factors, which negatively affects the reproductive health of the population, causing fetoinfantile losses. The presented work describes the indicators of fetoinfantile losses in the Komi Republic in comparison with similar indicators in the Russian Federation as a whole. Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of infant mortality rates, perinatal mortality dynamics, early neonatal and stillbirth rates from 2012 to 2022, thereby characterizing fetoinfantile losses in the Komi Republic. Design and methods. The analysis of fetoinfantile losses was carried out on the basis of data presented in the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the Federal State Statistics Service, statistical collections of GBUZ RK “RIAC” Basic Indicators of Population Health and Health Status of the Komi Republic for 2012–2022, State Report “On the State of Health of the Population of the Komi Republic in 2022”. A trend line was used to evaluate and illustrate trends. Results. Fetoinfantile losses in the Komi Republic tend to decrease, but exceed the average for the Russian Federation. Congenital abnormalities, deformities and chromosomal disorders continue to occupy a leading place in the structure of infant mortality in the Komi Republic. In the Komi Republic, the trend towards a decrease in the abortion rate remains, but 1.5 times higher than this figure in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. In the Komi Republic, there is a complex of behavioral, climatic and social factors that affect reproductive health, leading to fetoinfantile losses exceeding average indicators. There is a need to optimize the examination of women in the pre-gravidar and antenatal period, including medical genetic counseling, which will reduce stillbirth and the incidence of congenital malformations.

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