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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2025-12-1-51-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XJCLEP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ И БИОИНФОРМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOENGINEERING AND BIOINFORMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преимущества и недостатки широко используемых методов изучения внеклеточных везикул</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Key techniques for studying extracellular vesicles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костина Василиса Васильевна, бакалавр </p><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilisa V. Kostina, Bachelor’s degree </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lessliss00@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Александр Александрович, д.б.н., внештатный научный сотрудник лаборатории функциональной биохимии нервной системы </p><p> ул. Бутлерова, д. 5А, Москва, 117485 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Yakovlev, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System </p><p>Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al_yakovlev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки&#13;
«Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-практический психоневрологический центр имени З. П. Соловьева Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center named after Z. P. Solovyov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Внеклеточные везикулы: большие перспективы маленьких объектов</issue-title><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина В.В., Яковлев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина В.В., Яковлев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina V.V., Yakovlev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/999">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/999</self-uri><abstract><p>Внеклеточные везикулы (ВВ) представляют собой гетерогенную группу везикул, имеющих размер от нескольких десятков до нескольких сотен нанометров. ВВ способны проникать через гистогематические барьеры и обнаруживаются во всех биологических жидкостях. Состав ВВ в значительной степени отражает состав секретировавших их клеток. В настоящее время ВВ широко используются для поиска диагностических и терапевтических маркеров, в связи с чем исследования состава и свойств ВВ сегодня становятся все более востребованными. Несмотря на очевидный потенциал ВВ в биомедицинских приложениях, отсутствие единых методов их выделения, анализа и количественного измерения значительно ограничивает научный прогресс в данной области. В научной литературе встречаются описания десятков методов выделения и изучения ВВ, причем зачастую исследователи не представляют сравнительных преимуществ и недостатков используемых методов. В связи с этим становится актуальным обзор методов исследования ВВ. В данном обзоре представлен всесторонний анализ современных методов исследования ВВ. Каждый метод обладает своими преимуществами и ограничениями, влияющими на выход, чистоту и характеристики выделенных везикул, а также на точность получаемых результатов. Метод выделения и анализа ВВ необходимо выбирать с учетом цели и специфики исследования, поскольку универсального подхода в настоящее время не существует. Только глубокое понимание особенностей различных методик позволит подобрать оптимальный протокол для решения конкретных задач исследования, обеспечивая надежность и воспроизводимость результатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoparticles (30–500 nm) found in all biological fluids. The composition of EVs largely reflects the composition of the cells that secreted them. At present, EVs are widely used to search for diagnostic and therapeutic markers, and therefore studies of EVs composition and properties are becoming more and more in demand today. Despite the obvious potential of EVs in biomedical applications, the lack of unified methods for their isolation, analysis and quantitative measurement significantly limits scientific progress in this field. In scientific literature there are descriptions of dozens of methods for isolation and study of EVs, and often researchers do not present comparative advantages and disadvantages of the methods used. In this regard, a review of methods for the study of EVs becomes relevant. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of modern methods for the study of EVs. Each method has its own advantages and limitations affecting the yield, purity and characteristics of isolated vesicles, as well as the accuracy of the results obtained. The choice of the method for the isolation and analysis of EVs should be made considering the purpose and specificity of the study, since there is no universal approach at present. A thorough understanding of methodological nuances is critical for optimizing reproducibility and reliability in EV research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анализ траекторий наночастиц</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>гель-фильтрация</kwd><kwd>динамическое рассеяние света</kwd><kwd>ультрафильтрация</kwd><kwd>ультрацентрифугирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>dynamic light scattering</kwd><kwd>gel filtration</kwd><kwd>nanoparticle tracking analysis</kwd><kwd>ultracentrifugation</kwd><kwd>ultrafiltration</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 23-25-00011.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian National Science Foundation, project No. 23-25-00011</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O’Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, et al. 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