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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2024-11-5-398-406</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CHZLGY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-992</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности возбудителя и эффективность лечения лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the pathogen and efficacy of drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшинова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshinova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старшинова Анна Андреевна, д.м.н., начальник Управления научными исследованиями, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p><p>starshinova_777@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Starshinova, DMedSci, MD, PhD. Head of the Research Department; Chief Scientist</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>starshinova_777@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">starshinova_aa@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Екатерина Николаевна, к.м.н., главный врач Республиканского противотуберкулезного диспансера, г. Петрозаводск; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории «Вероятностные методы в анализе»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Belyaeva, PhD, head of the medical department, Republic TB healthcare dispensary; Senior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцев Игорь Владимирович, к.б.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией клеточной иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Kudryavtsev, PhD, Head of laboratory, laboratory of cellular immunology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубинштейн</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubinstein</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Аркадьевич Рубинштейн, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Rubinstein, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Cellular Immunology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилов</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilov</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурилов Леонид Петрович, к.м.н., заведующий кафедрой патологии, заместитель заведующего лабораторией мозаики аутоиммунитета и лабораторией микроангиопатических механизмов атерогенеза ; доцент, академик Академии медицинских наук Молдовы, действительный член Международной академии наук (Здоровье и экология)</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid P. Churilov, MD, PhD. (Medicine), Chairman of Pathology Dept., Deputy-Head of the Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity and Laboratory of the Microangiopathic Mechanisms of Atherogenesi; Associate Professor, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Moldova, Full Member of the International Academy of Sciences (Health and Ecology);</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линг</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ling</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хун Лин, д.м.н., кафедра микробиологии и иммунологии; лаборатория инфекции и иммунитета провинции Хэйлунцзян; лаборатория биологии патогенов</p><p>Харбин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hong Ling, PhD. MD, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology</p><p>Harbin</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжуан</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мин Чжуан, д.м.н., кафедра микробиологии; лаборатория инфекции и иммунитета провинции Хэйлунцзян; лаборатория биологии патогенов</p><p>Харбин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Min Zhuang, PhD. MD, Department of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology</p><p>Harbin</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич, член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии Института фармации; профессор кафедры фармакогнозии и промышленной фармации факультета фундаментальной медицины; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlay, DMedSci, MD, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy; Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University ; Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institution of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Харбинский медицинский университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Harbin Medical University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова» ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University ; Lomonosov Moscow State University ; Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>398</fpage><lpage>406</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старшинова А.А., Беляева Е.Н., Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Чурилов Л.П., Линг Х., Чжуан М., Кудлай Д.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старшинова А.А., Беляева Е.Н., Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Чурилов Л.П., Линг Х., Чжуан М., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starshinova A.A., Belyaeva E.N., Kudryavtsev I.V., Rubinstein A.A., Churilov L.P., Ling H., Zhuang M., Kudlay D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/992">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/992</self-uri><abstract><p>По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), в 2022 году было выявлено около 10,6 млн новых случаев заболевания туберкулезом, что на 3,5 % больше, чем в 2021 году, когда было зарегистрировано 10,3 млн. После пандемии COVID-19 заболеваемость туберкулезом выросла на 3,9 % с 2020 по 2022 годы. Согласно последним нормативным документам, диагноз «возбудитель с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью» ставится в том случае, если любые бактериологические или молекулярно-генетические методы выявляют лекарственную устойчивость комплекса M. Tuberculosis как минимум к изониазиду и рифампицину, независимо от устойчивости к другим противотуберкулезным препаратам.</p><p>Обладая широким набором генов вирулентности, возбудитель туберкулеза экспрессирует гены на разных стадиях инфекции. Одни гены «включаются» на ранних стадиях и важны для преодоления иммунной защиты и распространения возбудителя в организме хозяина, другие важны для выживания в латентной фазе. Эти особенности микобактерий туберкулеза определяют необходимость правильного и адекватного подбора терапии. Проблема диагностики и лечения лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза остается чрезвычайно актуальной.</p><p>Несмотря на внедрение новых тестов для быстрого определения спектра лекарственной чувствительности Mycobacterium tuberculosis, проблема своевременного и адекватного назначения режима химиотерапии остается актуальной. При подборе терапии сохраняется проблема назначения комбинации противотуберкулезных препаратов с доказанной эффективностью в отношении M. tuberculosis. В настоящее время внедрение бедаквилина в схемах терапии имеет значение для повышения эффективности лечения туберкулеза. Кроме того, проводятся исследования по сокращению сроков терапии МЛУ и ШЛУ туберкулеза, что особенно важно для сохранения приверженности пациентов к лечению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 10.6 million new cases of tuberculosis were detected in 2022, indicating an increase of 3.5 % from the reported 10.3 million in 2021. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of tuberculosis increased by 3.9 % from 2020 to 2022. According to the latest regulatory documents, multidrug-resistant pathogen is diagnosed when any bacteriologic or molecular genetic methods reveal drug resistance of M. Tuberculosis complex at least to isoniazid and rifampicin regardless of resistance to other antituberculosis drugs.</p><p>With a wide range of virulence genes, the tuberculosis pathogen expresses genes in different phases of infection. Some genes are “switched on” in the early phases and are important for overcoming immune defenses and spreading the pathogen in the host, while others are important for survival in the latent phase. These characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis determine the need for correct and adequate selection of therapy. The problem of diagnostics and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis remains extremely urgent. Despite the introduction of new tests for rapid determination of drug susceptibility spectrum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the problem of timely and adequate prescription of chemotherapy regimen remains. When selecting therapy, the problem of prescribing a combination of antituberculosis drugs with proven efficacy against M. tuberculosis remains. The need to assess the patient’s comorbid status, which affects the effectiveness of treatment and the occurrence of relapses, remains relevant.</p><p>Despite the introduction of new tests for rapid determination of the drug susceptibility spectrum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the problem of timely and adequate prescription of chemotherapy remains relevant. The problem of prescribing a combination of antituberculosis drugs with proven efficacy against M. tuberculosis remains in the selection of therapy. Currently, the introduction of bedaquiline in therapy regimens is important for improving the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment. In addition, studies are underway to shorten the duration of therapy for MDR-TB and XDR-TB, which is particularly important for maintaining patient adherence to treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бедаквилин</kwd><kwd>лекарственно-устойчивый туберкулез</kwd><kwd>МЛУ (множественная лекарственная устойчивость)</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>ШЛУ (широкая лекарственная устойчивость)</kwd><kwd>эффективность лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bedaquiline</kwd><kwd>drug-resistant tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>efficacy of treatment</kwd><kwd>MDR</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>XDR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках научного проекта по соглашению № 075-15-2024-631.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of a scientific project under agreement No. 075-15-2024-631.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. 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