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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2025-12-1-37-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XHTWOB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТКАНЕВЫЕ, КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ, ГЕНОМНЫЕ И ПРОТЕОМНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL, TISSUE, AND GENE THERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преципитация малых внеклеточных везикул крови в кислых условиях и использование этого метода для выделения везикул нейронального происхождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Precipitation of small extracellular blood vesicles under acidic conditions and the use of this method to isolate vesicles of neuronal origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Костина Василиса Васильевна, бакалавр </p><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilisa V. Kostina, Bachelor’s degree </p><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lessliss00@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-5130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Александр Александрович, д.б.н., внештатный научный сотрудник лаборатории функциональной биохимии нервной системы </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 5А, Москва, 117485 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Yakovlev, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System </p><p>Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al_yakovlev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-практический психоневрологический центр имени З. П. Соловьева Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center named after Z. P. Solovyov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Внеклеточные везикулы: большие перспективы маленьких объектов</issue-title><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина В.В., Яковлев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина В.В., Яковлев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina V.V., Yakovlev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/980">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/980</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Исследования состава и свойств малых внеклеточных везикул (мВВ) сегодня становятся все более востребованными в связи с их значимостью для диагностики и терапии многих патологий. При всей актуальности подобных исследований надежные универсальные методы выделения и изучения мВВ все еще не разработаны. Цель. Разработать модификацию метода выделения мВВ и использовать новый подход для выделения мВВ нейронального происхождения. Материалы и методы. С помощью преципитации полиэтиленгликолем (ПЭГ) при разных значениях рН и ионной силы выделяли мВВ из крови здоровых добровольцев. С помощью иммунопреципитации выделяли мВВ нейронального происхождения. Нейрональные мВВ биотинилировали, биотинилированные белки идентифицировали с помощью масс-спектрометрии. Результаты. В результате проведенной работы была разработана модификация метода преципитации ПЭГ при кислых значениях рН, позволившая в несколько раз увеличить выход нейрональных мВВ. Идентифицированы поверхностные белки мВВ, этими белками оказались сывороточный альбумин, аполипопротеин В, компоненты системы комплемента С1r, С1q, С1s, С3 и тяжелые цепи иммуноглобулинов. Заключение. Преципитация ПЭГ в кислых условиях позволяет выделять больше нейрональных мВВ из сыворотки крови, чем преципитация ПЭГ в нейтральной среде. При этом нейрональные мВВ в крови, скорее всего, существуют в комплексе с белками крови, представляющими собой так называемую белковую шубу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Studies of the composition and properties of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are becoming more and more important due to their usefulness for the diagnosis and therapy of many pathologies. However, reliable universal methods of sEVs isolation and study have not been developed yet. Objective. To develop a modification of the method of sEVs isolation and to use the modified method for isolation of sEVs of neuronal origin. Materials and Methods. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation at different pH and ionic strength values, sEVs were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers. Immunoprecipitation was used to isolate sEVs of neuronal origin. Neuronal sEVs were biotinylated, and biotinylated proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Results. As a result of this work, a modification of the PEG precipitation method at acidic pH values was developed, which allowed to increase the yield of neuronal sEVs several times. The surface proteins of sEVs were identified; these proteins were serum albumin, apolipoprotein B, complement system components C1r, C1q, C1s, C3 and immunoglobulin heavy chains. Conclusion. PEG precipitation under acidic conditions allows the isolation of more neuronal sEVs from serum than PEG precipitation did in neutral medium. At the same time, neuronal sEVs in blood most likely exist in complex with blood proteins, representing the so-called protein “corona”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>биотинилирование</kwd><kwd>малые внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>поверхностные белки</kwd><kwd>полиэтиленгликоль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>biotinylation</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>polyethylene glycol</kwd><kwd>small extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>surface proteins</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 23-25-00011.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu YJ, Wang C. A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication. 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