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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2023-10-5-430-448</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KDPSIU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-900</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности клинического течения кардио миопатий на фоне укорачивающих вариантов в гене TTN: обзор литературы и анализ клинических случаев.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the appearance of clinical cardiomyopathies against the background of truncating variants in the ttn gene: a review of the literature and an analysis of the appearance.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахрушев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhrushev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вахрушев Юрий Алексеевич, ассистент кафедрыклинической лабораторной диагностики и генетики</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Vakhrushev, Assistant at the Department ofClinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Genetics</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">thevakhr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>S. Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Софья Евгеньевна, лаборант-исследователь НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины»; аспирант первого года обучения кафедры кардиологии</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia Ye. Andreeva, Research Laboratory Assistant atthe World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre, firstyear doctoral student at the Department of Cardiology</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлевна</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkova</surname><given-names>A. Ya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудкова Александра Яковлевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией кардиомиопатий Института сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Ya. Gudkova, D.M.Sc., Professor, Headof the Cardiomyopathies Laboratory at the Institute ofCardiovascular Diseases</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальчук</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalchuk</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковальчук Татьяна Сергеевна, младший научныйсотрудник НИЛ детской аритмологии, врач-педиатр,детский кардиолог</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Kovalchuk, Unior Researcher at the ResearchLaboratory of Pediatric Arrhythmology, Pediatrician, Pediatric Cardiologist</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Дарья Юрьевна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории элекрокардиологии</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria Yu. Alekseeva, MD, Researcher at the ResearchLaboratory of Electrocardiology</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходот</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodot</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ходот Анна Александровна, лаборант кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Khodot, Laboratory Assistant at the Departmentof Faculty Therapy with Clinic</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васичкина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasichkina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васичкина Елена Сергеевна, д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник НИО сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у детей</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Vasichkina, D.M.Sc., Chief Researcher at theResearch Institute of Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Язневич</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaznevich</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Язневич Оксана Олеговна, врач-кардиолог второй квалификационной категории отделения кардиологии№ 8</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana O. Yaznevich, Second Qualification CategoryCardiologist in the Cardiology Department No. 8</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bortcova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борцова Мария Александровна, заведующая отделением кардиологии № 8, врач-кардиолог высшей категории</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Bortcova, Head of the Cardiology DepartmentNo. 8, Senior, Cardiologist</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костарева Анна Александровна, д.м.н., директорИнститута молекулярной биологии и генетики</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Kostareva, D.M.Sc., Director of the Instituteof Molecular Biology and Genetics</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>430</fpage><lpage>448</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вахрушев Ю.А., Андреева С.Е., Яковлевна Г.А., Ковальчук Т.С., Алексеева Д.Ю., Ходот А.А., Васичкина Е.С., Язневич О.О., Борцова М.А., Костарева А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вахрушев Ю.А., Андреева С.Е., Яковлевна Г.А., Ковальчук Т.С., Алексеева Д.Ю., Ходот А.А., Васичкина Е.С., Язневич О.О., Борцова М.А., Костарева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vakhrushev Y.A., Andreeva S.Y., Gudkova A.Y., Kovalchuk T.S., Alekseeva D.Y., Khodot A.A., Vasichkina E.S., Yaznevich O.O., Bortcova M.A., Kostareva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/900">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/900</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. На сегодняшний день доказано влияние генетических вариантов в гене тайтина на развитие всех типов кардиомиопатий, и в первую очередь это относится к TTNtv, однако высокая частота данных вариантов в контрольной популяции (1–3 %) значительно усложняет определение патогенности выявляемых вариантов. Кроме того, в силу значимой популяционной частоты (1–3 %) у пациентов с КМП варианты в гене тайтина зачастую сочетаются с причинными вариантами в других генах и, таким образом, могут выступать в качестве модификаторов клинического течения заболевания и ремоделирования миокарда.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить влияние укорачивающих вариантов в гене тайтина на клиническое течение кардиомиопатий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В данной статье рассмотрены три клинических случая пациентов с диагнозом КМП и трансформацией клинического фенотипа. Для проведения генетического обследования было использовано секвенирование нового поколения с применением целевой кардиопанели для проверки 108 генов, ассоциированных с развитием кардиомиопатий, а также секвенирование по Сэнгеру для исключения ложноположительных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При генетическом обследовании у рассматриваемых пациентов были выявлены генетические варианты в гене тайтина, приводившие к синтезу укороченного белка: во всех случаях причиной этого были делеции со сдвигом рамки считывания, располагавшиеся в экзонах с уровнем PSI (процент сплайсинга) 100 %. Согласно классификации патогенности Американского колледжа медицинской генетики и геномики, два генетических варианта классифицируются как патогенные, один — как вероятно патогенный. Наличие данных генетических вариантов, вероятно, было ассоциировано с нетипичной клинической картиной заболевания и определяло сложную трансформацию фенотипа кардиомиопатий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тайтин является важным компонентом, определяющим механочувствительность и механотрансдукцию миокарда. Укорачивающие варианты в гене TTN могут выступать в качестве модификаторов ремоделирования миокарда.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. To date, the influence of genetic variants in the titin gene on the development of all types of cardiomyopathies has been proven, and this primarily applies to TTNtv, however, the high frequency of these variants in the control population (1–3 %) significantly complicates the determination of the pathogenicity of the detected variants. In addition, due to a significant population frequency (1–3 %) in patients with CMP, variants in the titin gene are often combined with causal variants in other genes, and thus can act as modifiers of the clinical course of the disease and myocardial remodeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the effect of shortening variants in the titin gene on the clinical course of cardiomyopathies in the presence of causative variants in other genes or etiological factors of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Design and methods</title><p>Design and methods. This article will consider three clinical cases of patients diagnosed with CMP who were treated at the Almazov National Medical Research Center. To conduct a genetic examination, next generation sequencing was used with a target cardiopanel to check 108 genes associated with the development of cardiomyopathies, as well as Sanger sequencing to exclude false positive results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During a genetic examination of the studied patients, identified genetic variants in the titin gene led to the syn- thesis of a truncated protein: in all cases, the reason for this was frameshift deletions located in exons with a PSI (Percent Spliced-In) level of 100%. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics pathogenicity classification, two genetic variants are classified as pathogenic and one is classified as probably pathogenic.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In these patients, we found shortening variants (frameshift deletions) in the titin gene, which acted as modifiers of myocardial remodeling.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>дилатационная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>некомпактный миокард</kwd><kwd>рестриктивная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>тайтин</kwd><kwd>укорачивающие генетические варианты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dilated cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>noncompaction cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>restrictive cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>titin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 20-15-00271П «Роль цитоскелетных и Z-диск ассоциированных белков в патогенезе заболеваний миокарда и скелетной мускулатуры».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by a grant from RSF No. 20-15-00271П "The role of cytoskeletal and Z-disc associated proteins in the pathogenesis of myocardial and skeletal muscle diseases".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linke WA. 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