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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2023-10-6-591-598</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PWSNBF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-830</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oсновные понятия аналитической медицины.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Basic concepts of analytical medicine.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Наталья Ивановна, д.м.н., профессор, заве- дующая кафедрой внутренних болезней № 3, ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>Нахичеванский пер., д. 29, Ростов-на-Дону, 344022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Volkova, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3</p><p>Nahichevansky avе., 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_i_volkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волков Андрей Владимирович, исполнительный директор центра «Госпиталь современной медицины»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Volkov, Executive Director of the center “Hospital of Modern Medicine”</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>591</fpage><lpage>598</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волкова Н.И., Волков А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волкова Н.И., Волков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkova N.I., Volkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/830">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/830</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены противоречия в медицинской науке и практике, вызванные несоответствием между объемом накопленных знаний и методологией их освоения. Предложен методический подход к дальнейшему развитию общей теории медицины. В статье уточнены понятия объекта, предмета и метода медицины. Здоровье определено как способность организма функционировать неопределенно долго. Выявлены две формы нездоровья: болезнь и функциональная недостаточность. Болезнь определена как совокупность процессов, приводящих к потере равновесия организма и его восстановлению. Раскрыт аналитический метод диагностики заболевания. Предложено направление классификации болезней и неотложные задачи медицинской семиотики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the contradictions in medical science and practice caused by the discrepancy between the amount of knowledge and the methodology for their development. The proposed methodological approach to the development of the general theory of medicine. The article clarifies the concepts of objects, subject and methods of medicine. Health is defined as the body’s ability to make up indefinitely. Two forms of ill-health have been identified: illness and functional insufficiency. The disease is defined as a set of processes leading to the loss of signs of the organism and its consequences. Disclose the results of the diagnosis of diseases. The direction of detection of diseases and urgent tasks of medical semiotics are provided.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анализ</kwd><kwd>болезнь</kwd><kwd>диагноз</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>качество</kwd><kwd>теоретическая медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>analysis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>disease</kwd><kwd>quality</kwd><kwd>theoretical medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth. 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