transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2023-10-5-402-411IHCXOQtransmed-826Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ХИМИЯMEDICINAL CHEMISTRYБиомедицинское использование наноконъюгатов на основе оксида графена и фуллеренов c цитостатическими препаратами.Biomedical use of nanoconjugates based on graphene oxide and fullerenes with cytostatic drugs.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-7725ПротасА. В.ProtasA. V.

Aleksandra V. Protas, PhD, assist. prof.

ПоповаЕ. А.PopovaE. A.

Elena A. Popova, D.Sc., prof.

МиколайчукО. В.MikolaichukO. V.

ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Olga V. Mikolaichuk, assist.

olgamedchem@gmail.comСеменовК. Н.SemenovK. N.

Konstantin N. Semenov, D.Sc., prof.

ШаройкоВ. В.SharoykoV. V.

Vladimir V. Sharoyko, D.Sc., prof.

МолчановО. Е.MolchanovO. E.

Oleg E. Molchanov, MD, PhD

МайстренкоД. Н.MaistrenkoD. N.

Dmitriy N. Maistrenko, MD, PhD

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А. М. Гранова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAcademician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical TechnologiesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А. М. Гранова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииRussian FederationA. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical TechnologiesRussian Federation202328112023105402411Copyright © Протас А.В., Попова Е.А., Миколайчук О.В., Семенов К.Н., Шаройко В.В., Молчанов О.Е., Майстренко Д.Н., 20232023Протас А.В., Попова Е.А., Миколайчук О.В., Семенов К.Н., Шаройко В.В., Молчанов О.Е., Майстренко Д.Н.Protas A.V., Popova E.A., Mikolaichuk O.V., Semenov K.N., Sharoyko V.V., Molchanov O.E., Maistrenko D.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/826

Медицина рассматривается как одна из наиболее перспективных и важнейших областей применения современных нанотехнологий. Так, многообещающим направлением является использование наноструктур для адресной (таргетной) доставки лекарственных средств, для обеспечения пролонгированного действия лекарств, для диагностики и изготовления изделий медицинского назначения. Превосходные электрические, механические и оптические свойства углеродных наночастиц, а также простота их функционализации позволили им стать привлекательными кандидатами для создания новых материалов, в том числе и для биомедицинского применения. Как показал анализ современных литературных данных, значительное количество научных исследований, выполненных в области экспериментальной онкологии, были посвящены разработке методов направленной доставки противоопухолевых средств к биологическим мишеням, в том числе с использованием наночастиц. Таким образом, создание противоопухолевых препаратов на основе конъюгатов цитостатических препаратов с углеродными наноструктурами является одним из наиболее активно развивающихся направлений медицинской химии. В данном обзоре рассмотрены научные достижения в области получения и исследования свойств наноконъюгатов на основе оксида графена и фуллеренов с цитостатическими препаратами (такими как: паклитаксел, карбоплатин, цисплатин, доксорубицин, гемцитабин и др.), механизмы их действия и области практического применения углеродных наноструктур в биомедицине. Отдельное внимание уделено требованиям, предъявляемым к наноносителям, способам адресной доставки наноконъюгатов к биологическим мишеням, преимуществам применения противоопухолевых средств в составе наноконъюгатов на основе углеродных наноструктур. Кроме того, в обзоре обобщены и обозначены имеющиеся в настоящий момент проблемы применения углеродных наноструктур в биомедицине.

Medicine is one of the most promising and essential fields for the application of modern nanotechnologies. Targeted drug delivery, providing prolonged drug action, diagnostics, and the manufacturing of medical devices are among the promising applications of nanomaterials. The excellent electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of carbon nanoparticles, along with their ease of functionalization, have made them attractive candidates for the development of new materials for biomedical applications. As analyzed from contemporary literature, a significant amount of research in experimental oncology has been dedicated to the development of methods for targeted delivery of antitumor agents to biological targets, including the use of nanoparticles. Thus, the creation of antitumor drugs based on conjugates of cytostatic drugs with carbon nanostructures is one of the actively developing directions in medicinal chemistry. This review discusses scientific achievements in the synthesis and study of properties of nanocomposites based on graphene oxide and fullerenes with cytostatic drugs (such as paclitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, etc.), their mechanisms of action, and practical applications in biomedicine. Special attention is given to the requirements imposed on nanocarriers, methods of targeted delivery of nanocomposites to biological targets, and the advantages of using antitumor agents in the composition of nanoconjugates based on carbon nanostructures. Additionally, the review summarizes and iden- tifies the current challenges in the application of carbon nanostructures in biomedicine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.