transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2023-10-4-322-331transmed-803Research ArticleОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯCANCERВзаимосвязь рака предстательной железы с мутациями в генах-онкосупрессорахThe relationship of prostate cancer with mutations in tumour suppressor geneshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-6863МосоянМ. С.MosoyanM. S.

Мосоян Михаил Семенович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой урологии с курсом роботической хирургии и клиникой, лечебный факультет, Институт медицинского образования

Санкт-Петербург

Mikhail S. Mosoyan, MD, DSc, professor, director of Robotic Surgery Centre

Saint Petersburg

moso03@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-5705КалининаО. В.KalininaО. V.

Калинина Ольга Викторовна, д.б.н., декан факультета биомедицинских наук, Институт медицинского образования

Санкт-Петербург

Оlga V. Kalinina, DSc, Dean of the Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Education

Saint Petersburg

dr.makeev2016@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-3639ВавиловаТ. В.VavilovaT. V.

Вавилова Татьяна Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой лабораторной медицины и генетики, лечебный факультет, Институт медицинского образования

Санкт-Петербург

Tatiana V. Vavilova, DMSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Education

Saint Petersburg

Vavilova_TV@almazovcentre.ruАйсинаН. А.AysinaN. A.

Айсина Надежда Анатольевна, ассистент, кафедра урологии с курсом роботической хирургии и клиникой

Санкт-Петербург

Nadezhda A. Aysina, MD, Assistant, Department of Urology and Robotic Surgery

Saint Petersburg

aysina1984@mail.ruМакеевВ. А.MakeevA. V.

Макеев Владимир Александрович, ординатор, кафедра урологии с курсом роботической хирургии с клиникой

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Vladimir A. Makeev, Resident Medical Practiotioner, Department of Urology and Robotic Surgery

Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

dr.makeev2016@mail.ruБорисовА. А.BorisovA.  A.

Борисов Анатолий Анатольевич, ординатор, кафедра лабораторной медицины и генетики

Санкт-Петербург

Anatoliy A. Borisov, Resident Medical Practiotioner, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics

Saint Petersburg

dr.makeev2016@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian Federation202317102023104322331Copyright © Мосоян М.С., Калинина О.В., Вавилова Т.В., Айсина Н.А., Макеев В.А., Борисов А.А., 20232023Мосоян М.С., Калинина О.В., Вавилова Т.В., Айсина Н.А., Макеев В.А., Борисов А.А.Mosoyan M.S., Kalinina О.V., Vavilova T.V., Aysina N.A., Makeev A.V., Borisov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/803

Генетическое тестирование с каждым годом играет все большую роль в диагностике различных заболеваний. Особое внимание уделяется генам, мутации в которых ассоциированы с повышенным риском развития онкологических заболеваний. Семейные формы рака предстательной железы (РПЖ) характеризуются повышенной агрессивностью течения заболевания и наиболее часто ассоциированы с мутациями в генах репарации ДНК. Известно, что носители мутаций этих генов имеют более агрессивное течение РПЖ с повышенным риском метастазирования и меньшей продолжительностью жизни. Наиболее часто в клинической практике применяется исследование мутаций в генах BRCA1/BRCA2, в то время как существует множество других генов, отвечающих за процессы репарации ДНК, которые изучены недостаточно. В данной работе выполнен обзор литературных источников, изучающих клеточные механизмы функционирования генов репарации ДНК, влияние мутаций в них на течение рака предстательной железы и на онкологические исходы.

Genetic testing plays an increasing role in the diagnosis of various diseases every year. Special attention is paid to genes with an increased risk of cancer in case of mutation. Hereditary prostate cancer is usually more aggressive and is most often associated with mutations in DNA repair genes. These mutations carriers have an increased risk of metastasis and a shorter life expectancy. The study of mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes is most often used in clinical practice, while there are many other genes responsible for DNA repair processes that have not been sufficiently studied. In this paper, we report a review of literature sources studying the cellular mechanisms of functioning of DNA repair genes, the effect of such mutations on the disease state and oncological outcomes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.