transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-4-20-32transmed-733Research ArticleРАДИОЛОГИЯRADIOLOGYДепрессии: исследования методом магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии (обзор)Depression: magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies (review)КоростышевскаяА. М.KorostyshevskayaA. M.

Коростышевская Александра Михайловна,  д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением медицинской диагностики 

ул. Институтская, 3А, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Aleksandra M. Korostyshevskaya,  M.D., Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Medical Diagnostics

Institutskaya str. 3А, Novosibirsk, 630090 

koro@tomo.nsc.ruСавеловА. А.SavelovA. A.

Савелов Андрей Александрович, к.ф-м.н., старший научный сотрудник 

Новосибирск

Andrey A. Savelov, Ph.D., Senior Researcher 

Novosibirsk

АбрамоваВ. Д.AbramovaV. D.

Абрамова Виктория Дмитриевна, младший научный сотрудник; аспирант факультета естественных наук, кафедра физиологии человека и животных 

Новосибирск

Victoria D. Abramova, research laboratory assistant; PhD student, Faculty of Natural Sciences

Novosibirsk

ШтаркМ. Б.ShtarkM. B.

Штарк Марк Борисович, д.б.н., профессор, академик РАН 

Новосибирск

Mark B. Shtark, D.Sc., Professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences 

Novosibirsk

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт «Международный томографический центр» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInternational tomography center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт «Международный томографический центр» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»РоссияInternational tomography center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»РоссияFederal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational MedicineRussian Federation202225112022942032Copyright © Коростышевская А.М., Савелов А.А., Абрамова В.Д., Штарк М.Б., 20222022Коростышевская А.М., Савелов А.А., Абрамова В.Д., Штарк М.Б.Korostyshevskaya A.M., Savelov A.A., Abramova V.D., Shtark M.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/733

Магнитно-резонансная спектроскопия (МРС) является неинвазивным методом оценки нейрохимического состояния головного мозга. В последние годы рост числа высокопольных сканеров привел к стремительному увеличению подобных исследований и совершенствованию качества достигнутых средствами МРС-данных, разработке механизмов и технологий получения и обработки результатов.Обзор посвящен исследованиям возможностей МРС в изучении нейрохимии головного мозга при депрессиях. Рассмотрены основы методик и различных подходов проведения МРС, технические требования к материалу исследования, достоинства и недостатки метода, трудности интерпретации результатов, перспективы комбинации МРС с ФМРТ, ЭЭГ. В большинстве спектроскопических работ, проведенных при депрессиях, показано аномальное снижение концентраций аминокислот-нейротрансмиттеров — γ-аминомасляной кислоты и глутамата, что согласуется с результатами посмертных гистопатологических исследований. Несомненно, необходимы дальнейшие многофакторные исследования для определения анатомической и клинической специфики изменений уровней Glx и ГАМК, которые обнаруживаются у депрессивных пациентов. Наконец, актуальны поиски других подходов для установления специфических клеточных процессов, лежащих в основе нарушений уровней Glx и ГАМК, наблюдаемых при депрессии.Представленный материал может использоваться и лечь в основу дальнейших мультимодальных экспериментов с применением МРС, которые могут оказаться актуальными как для обоснованной разработки более эффективных лекарственных средств, так, и не в последнюю очередь, инструментов нейробиоуправления, направленных на интерактивные вмешательства в нейросетевую организацию при депрессивных расстройствах.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive method for assessing the neurochemical state of the brain. In recent years, the growth in the number of high-field scanners has led to a rapid increase in such studies and improvement in the quality of MRS data, the development of mechanisms and technologies for obtaining and processing results.The review is devoted to the study of the possibilities of MRS in the study of brain neurochemistry in depression. The fundamentals of techniques and various approaches to MRS, technical requirements for the study material, advantages and disadvantages of the method, difficulties in interpreting the results, and prospects for combining MRS with fMRI and EEG are considered. Most spectroscopic studies performed in depression show an abnormal decrease in the concentrations of the amino acid neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, which is consistent with the results of post-mortem histopathological studies. Multivariate studies are needed to determine the anatomical and clinical specificity of changes in Glx and GABA levels that are found in depressed patients.The presented material can be used and form the basis for further multimodal experiments using MRS, which may be relevant both for the informed development of more effective drugs, and last but not least, neurofeedback tools aimed at interactive interventions in the neural network organization in depressive disorders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.