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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-5-44-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-718</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный обзор активности ферментов системы цитохрома P450 человека и лабораторных животных. Прогностическая ценность доклинических моделей in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A comparative review of the activity of enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system in humans and laboratory animals. Prognostic value of preclinical models in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-3242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошников Михаил Владимирович, к.м.н., руководитель отдела лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Заводская, 3, пгт Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский район, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Miroshnikov, PhD, Head of Laboratory Diagnostics Department</p><p>Kuzmolovskiy, Leningrad oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikov.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-8335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанова</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanova</surname><given-names>K. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Султанова Кира Тимуровна, к.м.н., руководитель отдела экспериментальной фармакологии и токсикологии</p><p>поселок городского типа Кузьмоловский, Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira T. Sultanova, PhD, Head of the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology</p><p>Kuzmolovskiy, Leningrad oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikov.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Марина Николаевна, д.м.н., директор</p><p>поселок городского типа Кузьмоловский, Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Makarova, MD, Director</p><p>Kuzmolovskiy, Leningrad oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikov.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Валерий Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Геннадьевич, д.м.н., профессор, научный руководитель</p><p>поселок городского типа Кузьмоловский, Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery G. Makarov, M.D., professor, scientific supervisor</p><p>Kuzmolovskiy, Leningrad oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikov.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and manufacturing company “Home оf Pharmacy”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мирошников М.В., Султанова К.Т., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирошников М.В., Султанова К.Т., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Miroshnikov M.V., Sultanova K.T., Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/718">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/718</self-uri><abstract><p>Ферменты цитохрома Р450 играют ключевую роль в биотрансформации лекарственных средств. На экспрессию и активность каждого CYP450 влияет уникальное сочетание биохимических факторов, видовые и генетические особенности, возраст, пол, питание и воздействие окружающей среды.</p><p>Цитохромы P450 представляют собой семейство гемсодержащих белков, участвующих в метаболизме ксенобиотиков, лекарственных средств и эндогенных соединений. После совместного применения некоторые препараты выступают в качестве индукторов ферментов цитохрома P450, тогда как другие являются ингибиторами. Понимание механизмов ингибирования или индукции ферментов чрезвычайно важно в рамках доклинических исследований, а также при назначении комплексной терапии в клинической практике. У людей и у лабораторных животных существует значительная вариабельность активности этих ферментов. Одной из основных задач при разработке терапевтических средств является определение того, какие виды животных лучше всего соответствуют способностям человека к метаболизму определенных лекарств. Таким образом, изучение CYP и их взаимодействия с лекарственными средствами сегодня является актуальной проблемой доклинических исследований. Для ее решения необходимы адекватные и максимально схожие экспериментальные доклинические модели для исследования фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических свойств перспективных химических веществ и их влияния на определенные ферменты цитохрома P450.</p><p>В данном обзоре проведено сравнение основных подсемейств и их ферментов системы цитохрома человека и лабораторных животных, участвующих в метаболизме лекарственных веществ. Рассмотрены проблемы выбора биологических моделей in vivo в доклинических исследованиях при изучении лекарственных веществ. Проведен анализ прогностической ценности моделей in vivo доклинических исследований с точки зрения системы цитохрома Р450 человека и лабораторных животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a key role in drug biotransformation. The expression and activity of each CYP450 is influenced by a unique combination of biochemical factors, species and genetic differences, age, sex, nutrition and etc.</p><p>Cytochromes P450 are a family of heme-containing proteins involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous compounds. Drugs could act as inducers or inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Understanding the mechanisms of inhibition or induction of enzymes is extremely important in preclinical studies and prescribing complex therapy. One of the main challenges in the development of therapeutic agents is to determine which animal species reflects the human ability to metabolize certain drugs. The study of CYPs and their interaction with drugs is an urgent problem in preclinical studies. Thus, an adequate and maximally similar experimental preclinical models are necessary to study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of promising chemicals and their effect on certain cytochrome P450 enzymes.</p><p>This review compares the main subfamilies and their enzymes of the cytochrome system of humans and laboratory animals involved in drug metabolism. The problems of choosing biological models in vivo in preclinical studies in the study of medicinal substances are considered. The predictive value of in vivo models of preclinical studies was analyzed from the point of view of the cytochrome P450 system in humans and laboratory animals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>выбор релевантного вида</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd><kwd>ксенобиотики</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>метаболизм лекарств</kwd><kwd>модель in vivo</kwd><kwd>система цитохрома P450</kwd><kwd>ферменты</kwd><kwd>человек</kwd><kwd>CYP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CYP</kwd><kwd>cytochrome P450 system</kwd><kwd>drug metabolism</kwd><kwd>enzymes</kwd><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>in vivo model</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd><kwd>selection of the relevant species</kwd><kwd>xenobiotics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finnigan JD, Young C, Cook DJ, et al. 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