<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-1-49-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CANCER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первичные лимфомы центральной нервной системы. Вопросы эпидемиологии и лечения. Клинический пример междисциплинарного подхода в терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system. Questions of epidemiology and treatment. Clinical example of multidisciplinary approach in therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-935X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воинов</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voinov</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-нейрохирург; аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии с курсом нейрофизиологии Института медицинского образования; специалист по научно-аналитической работе </p><p>ул. Маяковского, д. 12, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 191014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurosurgeon; resident of the Department of Neurosurgery with a course in neurophysiology, Instituteof Medical Education, Almazov National Medical ResearchCentre, specialist in scientific and analytical work, WorldClass Research Centre, “Center for Personalized  Oncology” </p><p> Mayakovskaya str., 12, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nik_voin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улитин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulitin</surname><given-names>A. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой нейрохирургии с курсом нейрофизиологии Института медицинского образования </p><p>ул. Маяковского, д. 12, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 191014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> MD, professor, neurosurgeon, head of the Department of Neurosurgery with a course of neurophysiology of Institute of Medical Education </p><p>Mayakovskaya str., 12, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulitinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Читанава</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chitanava</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры внутренних болезней, врач-гематолог, младший научный сотрудник  </p><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> hematologist, junior researcher, Research Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology Research Institute of Immuno-Oncology and Cell Therapy </p><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chitanava.tamara@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-9688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляр</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyar</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-нейрохирург, младший научный сотрудник РНХИ им. проф. А. Л. Поленова, специалист по научно-аналитической работе НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной онкологии» </p><p>ул. Маяковского, д. 12, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 191014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurosurgeon, junior researcher; specialist in scientificand analytical work, World-Class Research Centre “Centerfor Personalized Oncology” </p><p>Mayakovskaya str., 12, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 191014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.sklyar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> врач-гематолог высшей квалификационной категории отделения химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга № 2 </p><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>hematologist of the Department of chemotherapy of hematological diseases and bone marrow transplantation №2 </p><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrov_av@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт имени профессора А. Л. Поленова — филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polenov Russian Scienific Research Institute of Neurosurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение&#13;
«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воинов Н.Е., Улитин А.Ю., Читанава Т.В., Скляр С.С., Петров А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воинов Н.Е., Улитин А.Ю., Читанава Т.В., Скляр С.С., Петров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voinov N.E., Ulitin A.U., Chitanava T.V., Sklyar S.S., Petrov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/648">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/648</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В настоящее время в мире отмечается возрастание частоты возникновения новообразований. В структуре общей онкологии опухоли головного мозга встречаются редко (0,7–1,5 %). Однако высокая летальность, инвалидизация, ограниченная продолжительность жизни больных, значительный экономический и социальный ущерб вызывают озабоченность вопросами организации медицинской помощи, реабилитации и социальной адаптации. Особое значение среди причин увеличения числа больных первичными опухолями головного мозга имеет врожденный или приобретенный иммунодефицит. Рост количества наркозависимых обусловил возникновение на Западе в конце 1970-х годов эпидемии ВИЧ и увеличение числа пациентов с синдромом приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД), одним из проявлений которого стало значительное распространение случаев опухолей мозга в этой популяционной группе. В последние десятилетия в России также число пациентов с лимфомой неуклонно растет.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотреть показательный клинический случай, отражающий необходимость преемственности в лечении пациентов с первичной лимфомой ЦНС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Было проведено обследование пациентки 50 лет с умеренной потерей памяти с помощью различных методов, в том числе МРТ, ПЭТ-КТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На основании гистологического и иммуногистохимического исследований был поставлен диагноз диффузная B-клеточная крупноклеточная лимфома ЦНС. По результатам МРТ наблюдалась положительная динамика по уменьшению размера опухоли после лучевой терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Первичная лимфома ЦНС остается сложной эпидемиологической проблемой общества, требующей комплексного мультидисциплинарного подхода в лечении. Только высокая настороженность в плане лимфомы и слаженная работа неврологов, нейрохирургов, онкологов и инфекционистов может помочь в своевременной постановке правильного диагноза и верной маршрутизации пациента на этапах лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Currently, the frequency of occurrence of neoplasms is emerging in the world. Under conditions of a general tumor, brain tumors are rare (0.7–1.5 %). However, high mortality, disability, limited life expectancy of patients, high economic and social inferiority, raise concerns about the medical organization of care, development and social adaptation. Of particular importance among the causes of primary brain tumors is the congenital or acquired growth of immunodeficiency. The growth in the number of drug addicts led to the elimination of the annual epidemic at the end of the 70s and the increase in the number of patients with immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), due to which the growth of a brain tumor began to develop in this population group. The number of Russian patients with lymphoma is also steadily increasing.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Consider an illustrative clinical case that reflects the expected continuity in patients with ordinary CNS lymphoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Design and methods</title><p>Design and methods. A 50-year-old patient with moderate memory loss was examined using various methods: MRI, PET-CT and etc.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on histological and immunohistochemical studies, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS was diagnosed. There was a positive trend in the reduction of tumor size after radiation therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Primary CNS lymphoma is becoming an active epidemiological problem of society, requiring comprehensive multidisciplinary monitoring. Only high vigilance in terms of lymphoma and well-coordinated work of multidisciplinary specialists can help to perform the correct diagnostics and patient management.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>лимфома</kwd><kwd>опухоль головного мозга</kwd><kwd>СПИД</kwd><kwd>ЦНС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AIDS</kwd><kwd>brain tumor</kwd><kwd>central nervous system</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>lymphoma</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают свою глубокую признательность д.м.н., проф. РАН Рыжковой Дарье Викторовне за любезно предоставленные из личного архива исследования ПЭТ-КТ. Также выражаем свою благодарность Алексеевой Юлии Алексеевне, к.м.н., заведующему отделением химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга № 2, Осипову Юрию Сергеевичу, врачу-гематологу, заведующему отделением химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга № 1, врачу-гематологу отделения химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга № 1 Михайлову Евгению Сергеевичу, врачу-гематологу отделения гематологии и онкологии консультативно-диагностического центра клиники ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Сбитяковой Евгении Игоревне за предоставленные данные о терапии пациентки на всех этапах.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komratova KA, Abugova YG, Ozerov SS, et al. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (case report and literature review). Oncohematology. 2017 Jan 1;12(1):10–6. Available from: http://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/227</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komratova KA, Abugova YG, Ozerov SS, et al. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (case report and literature review). Oncohematology. 2017 Jan 1;12(1):10–6. Available from: http://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/227</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn T Ostrom, Gino C, Kristin W, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014–2018, Neuro-Oncology, Volume 23, Issue Supplement_3, October 2021, Pages iii1–iii105, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn T Ostrom, Gino C, Kristin W, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014–2018, Neuro-Oncology, Volume 23, Issue Supplement_3, October 2021, Pages iii1–iii105, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eby NL, Grufferman S, Flannelly CM, et al. Increasing incidence of primary brain lymphoma in the US. Cancer. 1988 Dec 1;62(11):2461–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3179963</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eby NL, Grufferman S, Flannelly CM, et al. Increasing incidence of primary brain lymphoma in the US. Cancer. 1988 Dec 1;62(11):2461–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3179963</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey P. Intracranial sarcomatous tumors of leptomeningeal origin. Arch Surg. 1929;18:1359–402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey P. Intracranial sarcomatous tumors of leptomeningeal origin. Arch Surg. 1929;18:1359–402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry JM, Heffner RR, Dillard SH, et al. Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system. Cancer. 1974 Oct;34(4):1293–302. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142(197410)34:4%3C1293::AID-CNCR2820340441%3E3.0.CO;2-P</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henry JM, Heffner RR, Dillard SH, et al. Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system. Cancer. 1974 Oct;34(4):1293–302. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142(197410)34:4%3C1293::AID-CNCR2820340441%3E3.0.CO;2-P</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esptein LG, DiCarlo FJ, Joshi V V, et al. Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatrics. 1988 Sep;82(3):355–63. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3261418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esptein LG, DiCarlo FJ, Joshi V V, et al. Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatrics. 1988 Sep;82(3):355–63. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3261418</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Itoyama T, Sadamori N, Tsutsumi K, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphomas. Immunophenotypic, virologic, and cytogenetic findings of three patients without immune defects. Cancer. 1994 Jan 15;73(2):455–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142(19940115)73:2%3C455::AID-CNCR2820730234%3E3.0.CO;2-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Itoyama T, Sadamori N, Tsutsumi K, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphomas. Immunophenotypic, virologic, and cytogenetic findings of three patients without immune defects. Cancer. 1994 Jan 15;73(2):455–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142(19940115)73:2%3C455::AID-CNCR2820730234%3E3.0.CO;2-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L, Zhang J, Lambert Q, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 7 is associated with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed central nervous system lymphoma and has oncogenic properties. J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(23):12987–95. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15542650</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L, Zhang J, Lambert Q, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 7 is associated with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed central nervous system lymphoma and has oncogenic properties. J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(23):12987–95. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15542650</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Del Valle L, Enam S, Lara C, et al. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Expressing the Human Neurotropic Polyomavirus, JC Virus, Genome. J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3462–9. Available from: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.78.7.3462-3469.2004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Del Valle L, Enam S, Lara C, et al. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Expressing the Human Neurotropic Polyomavirus, JC Virus, Genome. J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3462–9. Available from: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.78.7.3462-3469.2004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenkier T, Connors J. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The lymphomas, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. 325–347 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenkier T, Connors J. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The lymphomas, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. 325–347 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohile NA, Abrey LE. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Neurol Clin. 2007 Nov;25(4):1193–207. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0733861907000734</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohile NA, Abrey LE. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Neurol Clin. 2007 Nov;25(4):1193–207. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0733861907000734</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gliemroth J, Kehler U, Gaebel C, et al. Neuroradiological findings in primary cerebral lymphomas of non-AIDS patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003 Apr;105(2):78–86. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303846702001051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gliemroth J, Kehler U, Gaebel C, et al. Neuroradiological findings in primary cerebral lymphomas of non-AIDS patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003 Apr;105(2):78–86. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303846702001051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayakawa T, Takakura K, Abe H, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in Japan--a retrospective, co-operative study by CNS-Lymphoma Study Group in Japan. J Neurooncol. 1994;19(3):197–215. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01053274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayakawa T, Takakura K, Abe H, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in Japan--a retrospective, co-operative study by CNS-Lymphoma Study Group in Japan. J Neurooncol. 1994;19(3):197–215. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01053274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bataille B, Delwail V, Menet E, et al. Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma: report of 248 cases. J Neurosurg. 2000 Feb;92(2):261–6. Available from: https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/92/2/article-p261.xml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bataille B, Delwail V, Menet E, et al. Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma: report of 248 cases. J Neurosurg. 2000 Feb;92(2):261–6. Available from: https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/92/2/article-p261.xml</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bühring U, Herrlinger U, Krings T, et al. MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphomas at presentation. Neurology. 2001 Aug 14;57(3):393–6. Available from: http://www.neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.57.3.393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bühring U, Herrlinger U, Krings T, et al. MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphomas at presentation. Neurology. 2001 Aug 14;57(3):393–6. Available from: http://www.neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.57.3.393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haldorsen IS, Krossnes BK, Aarseth JH, et al. Increasing incidence and continued dismal outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway 1989-2003 : time trends in a 15-year national survey. Cancer. 2007 Oct 15;110(8):1803–14. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.22989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haldorsen IS, Krossnes BK, Aarseth JH, et al. Increasing incidence and continued dismal outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Norway 1989-2003 : time trends in a 15-year national survey. Cancer. 2007 Oct 15;110(8):1803–14. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.22989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson JE, Janney CA, Rao RD, et al. The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Cancer. 2002 Oct 1;95(7):1504–10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.10851</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson JE, Janney CA, Rao RD, et al. The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Cancer. 2002 Oct 1;95(7):1504–10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.10851</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поддубная ИВ, Савченко ВГ. Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению лимфопролиферативных заболеваний: стандарты ведения больных для врачей. Москва: Буки Веди; 2018. 470 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poddubnaya IV, Savchenko VG. Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases: standards of patient management for physicians. Moscow: Buki Wedi, 2018. P. 470. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreri A. J. M. et al. High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial //The Lancet. – 2009. – Т. 374. – №. 9700. – С. 1512-1520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreri A. J. M. et al. High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial //The Lancet. – 2009. – Т. 374. – №. 9700. – С. 1512-1520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобяков ГЛ, Бекяшев АХ, Голанов АВ, и др. Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению первичных опухолей Центральной нервной системы. Злокачественные опухоли. 2019;9(3S2):95–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobyakov GL, Bekyashev AH, Golanov AV, et al. Practical recommendations for drug treatment of primary tumors of the Central nervous system. Malignant tumors: RUSSCO practical recommendation. 2018;8:83–99. In Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bashir R, Freedman A, Harris N, et al. Immunophenotypic profile of CNS lymphoma: a review of eighteen cases. J Neurooncol. 1989 Sep;7(3):249–54. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00172918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashir R, Freedman A, Harris N, et al. Immunophenotypic profile of CNS lymphoma: a review of eighteen cases. J Neurooncol. 1989 Sep;7(3):249–54. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00172918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
