transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2021-8-3-14-21transmed-614Research ArticleНЕВРОЛОГИЯNEUROLOGYГлимфатическая система и ее роль в развитии болезни АльцгеймераThe glymphatic system and its role in the development of Alzheimer’s diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-907XВоробьевС. В.VorobʼevS. V.

Воробьев Сергей Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник НИЛ неврологии и нейрореабилитации, РНХИ им. проф. А.Л. Поленова — филиала НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова, профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики ФП и ДПО СПбГПМУ

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Vorob’ev Sergey V., MD, Dr. Sci., Chief Researcher, Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Polenov Russian Scienific Research Institute of Neurosurgery — branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, prof. department of clinical and laboratory diagnostics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

vorobev_sv@almazovcentre.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-286XЯнишевскийС. Н.YanishevskijS. N.

Янишевский Станислав Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией НИЛ неврологии и нейрореабилитации, РНХИ им. проф. А. Л. Поленова — филиала НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Yanishevskij Stanislav N., MD, Dr. Sci., Head of Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Polenov Russian Scienific Research Institute of Neurosurgery — branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

yanishevskiy_sn@almazovcentre.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииRussian FederationAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Military Medical Academy named after S.M.KirovRussian Federation202107072021831421Copyright © Воробьев С.В., Янишевский С.Н., 20212021Воробьев С.В., Янишевский С.Н.Vorobʼev S.V., Yanishevskij S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/614

Одной из основных концепций, объясняющих развитие болезни Альцгеймера, в настоящее время является амилоидная теория. Достоверно установлено, что накопление патологического белка амилоида β провоцирует запуск ряда патохимических реакций, приводящих в конечном счете к развитию синаптической дисфункции и формированию когнитивных нарушений. Белок амилоид β синтезируется и в мозге людей, не страдающих нейродегенеративной патологией. В норме он активно удаляется из головного мозга. Однако точные механизмы поддержания его клиренса не установлены. На роль такого компонента претендует недавно открытая глимфатическая система. В представленном обзоре проводится анализ предположения, что развитие ее дисфункции способствует накоплению амилоид β и развитию клинической картины болезни Альцгеймера. 

One of the main concepts explaining the development of Alzheimer’s disease is currently the amyloid theory. It was reliably established that the accumulation of the pathological protein amyloid β provokes the launch of a number of pathochemical reactions that ultimately lead to the development of synaptic dysfunction and the formation of cognitive disorders. The protein amyloid β is also synthesized in the brain of people who do not suffer from neurodegenerative pathology. Normally, it is actively removed from the brain. However, the exact mechanisms for maintaining its clearance are not established. The recently discovered glymphatic system claims to be such a component. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis of suggestions that the development of glymphatic system dysfunction contributes to the accumulation of amyloid β and the development of the clinical picture of Alzheimer›s disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.