transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2021-8-2-46-57transmed-607Research ArticleЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯEXPERIMENTAL STUDIESПодходы к моделированию тромбоэмболии легочной артерии и хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии у грызунов и средних лабораторных животныхApproaches to modeling pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in rodents and medium-sized laboratory animalshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-5896КарповА. А.KarpovA. A.

Карпов Андрей Александрович, к.м.н., заведующий НИЛ патологии малого круга кровообращения, доцент кафедры патологии Института медицинского образования, научный сотрудник Центра экспериментальной фармакологии

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Karpov Andrei A., PhD, Head of Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Disease; Associate Professor of the Department of Pathology; Researcher, Center for Experimental Pharmacology

Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341 

karpovmed@gmail.comСмирновС. С.SmirnovS. S.

Смирнов Сергей Сергеевич, лаборант-исследователь НИЛ патологии малого круга кровообращения, клинический ординатор кафедры травматологии и ортопедии 

Санкт-Петербург

Smirnov Sergey S., Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Disease; Clinical Resident, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics 

Saint Petersburg

saveliy.morozov.93@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-9419ШиленкоЛ. А.ShilenkoL. A.

Шиленко Леонид Алексеевич, студент 

Санкт-Петербург

Shilenko Leonid A., Student 

Saint Petersburg

shilenko.leo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-3430ПлискоГ. А.PliskoG. A.

Плиско Григорий Алексеевич, младший научный сотрудник Центра экспериментальной фармакологии 

Санкт-Петербург

Plisko Grigory A., Junior Researcher, Center for Experimental Pharmacology 

Saint Petersburg

Grigoriy.Plisko@pharminnotech.comКротоваН. В.KrotovaN. V.

Кротова Наталья Владиславовна, студент 

Санкт-Петербург

Krotova Natalia V., Student 

Saint Petersburg

karpovteam@gmail.comВаулинаД. Д.VaulinaD. D.

Ваулина Дария Дмитриевна, младший научный сотрудник НИЛ патологии малого круга кровообращения, младший научный сотрудник 

Санкт-Петербург

Vaulina Daria D., Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Disease; Junior Researcher

Saint Petersburg

uplavice@gmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAcademician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSaint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт мозга человека им. Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наукRussian FederationAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; Bechterev Institute of Human brainRussian Federation202103062021824657Copyright © Карпов А.А., Смирнов С.С., Шиленко Л.А., Плиско Г.А., Кротова Н.В., Ваулина Д.Д., 20212021Карпов А.А., Смирнов С.С., Шиленко Л.А., Плиско Г.А., Кротова Н.В., Ваулина Д.Д.Karpov A.A., Smirnov S.S., Shilenko L.A., Plisko G.A., Krotova N.V., Vaulina D.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/607

Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) по распространенности занимает третье место среди всех сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Она по-прежнему связана с высокой внутрибольничной летальностью, а также с развитием острых и хронических осложнений. Лечение и профилактика ТЭЛА и ее осложнений требует высокотехнологичных подходов, направленных на улучшение прогноза пациентов. В связи с этим экспериментальные исследования, нацеленные на изучение патогенеза, улучшение методов диагностики и поиск новых фармакологических субстанций для профилактики и лечения ТЭЛА, являются востребованными с точки зрения клинической практики. Учитывая современные тенденции доклинических исследований, все большую распространенность приобретают экспериментальные работы на грызунах — мышах, крысах, хомяках, а также на средних лабораторных животных (кроликах). Использование этих видов животных является этически приемлемым и экономически целесообразным. Выбор конкретного вида животного и способа моделирования ТЭЛА в первую очередь определяется задачами исследования. В данной статье приводится обзор основных подходов к моделированию ТЭЛА, а также рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки каждого из методов. Отдельное внимание уделено моделированию хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии (ХТЭЛГ) как одного из наиболее опасных осложнений ТЭЛА. В работе проанализированы публикации с 1978 по 2020 гг., в которых выполнялось моделирование ТЭЛА на грызунах и средних лабораторных животных.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. It is still associated with high hospital mortality, as well as with the development of acute and chronic complications. Treatment and prevention of PE and its complications requires high-tech approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients. In this regard, experimental studies aimed at studying the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic methods and searching for new pharmacological substances for the prevention and treatment of PE are in demand from the point of view of clinical practice. Considering the current trends in preclinical research, experimental work on rodents — mice, rats, hamsters, as well as on medium-sized laboratory animals (rabbits) is becoming more and more common. The use of these animal species is ethically acceptable and economically viable. The choice of a specific type of animal and a method for modeling PE is primarily determined by the objectives of the study. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to modeling PE, as well as discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to the modeling of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) as one of the most dangerous complications of PE. The work analyzed publications from 1978 to 2020, in which PE was simulated in rodents and medium laboratory animals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.