transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2020-7-5-17-28transmed-558Research ArticleСЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯCARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINEРоль экзосом в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийThe exosomes role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-3396ЩаваС. П.SchavaS. P.

Щава Сергей Петрович, к.м.н., сердечно-сосудистый хирург Центра кардиохирургии и сосудистой хирургии Медицинского центра ФГАОУ ВО ДВФУ; научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории ФГБОУ ВО ТГМУ Минздрава России

п. Аякс, д. 10, о. Русский, г. Владивосток, 690922

Schava Sergey P., PhD, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Far Eastern Federal University Medical Center; Researcher at the Central Research Laboratory Pacific State Medical University

Settlement Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922

sergey_schava@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-7436СтепановЕ. В.StepanovE. V.

Степанов Евгений Викторович, врач рентгенэндоваскулярных методов диагностики и лечения Центра кардиохирургии и сосудистой хирургии

о. Русский, Владивосток

Stepanov Evgeny V., Interventional Cardiologist, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department

Russky Island, Vladivostok

stepanov.evi@dvfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-3908СорокинВ. А.SorokinV. A.

Сорокин Виталий Александрович, д.м.н., заведующий Центром кардиохирургии и сосудистой хирургии Медицинского центра ФГАОУ ВО ДВФУ; профессор Института хирургии ФГБОУ ВО ТГМУ Минздрава России

о. Русский, Владивосток

Sorokin Vitaly A., PhD, MD, Head of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Far Eastern Federal University Medical Center; Professor of Institute of Surgery, Pacific State Medical University

Russky Island, Vladivostok

vsorokin72@hotmail.comФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», Медицинский центрРоссияFar Eastern Federal University Medical Center; Pacific State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», Медицинский центрРоссияFar Eastern Federal University Medical CenterRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», Медицинский центр; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFar Eastern Federal University Medical Center; Pacific State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202012102020751728Copyright © Щава С.П., Степанов Е.В., Сорокин В.А., 20202020Щава С.П., Степанов Е.В., Сорокин В.А.Schava S.P., Stepanov E.V., Sorokin V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/558

Согласно Всемирной организации здравоохранения, от болезней сердца и сосудов в современном мире ежегодно умирает 17,5 млн человек. Вследствие этого изучение молекулярных механизмов патогенеза сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний имеет критическое значение для разработки новых диагностических и терапевтических стратегий. Одной из стратегий в данном направлении является исследование роли малых внеклеточных везикул, или экзосом, в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Изучение экзосомальной транспортной и сигнальной систем в развитии таких патологий, как острый коронарный синдром, стабильная стенокардия, клапанные пороки сердца, гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия, атеросклеротическое поражение периферических артерий является актуальной задачей.

К экзосомам относят сферические везикулы эндосомального происхождения размером 30–100 нм, экспрессируемые практически всеми клетками человеческого организма. Их цитоплазматическая мембрана представляет собой липидный бислой, содержащий в качестве маркеров тетраспанины CD9, CD63, CD81 и CD82. Активное содержимое в виде различных микроРНК, мРНК, цитокинов и факторов роста, клеточных мембранных рецепторов позволяет экзосомам выступать в роли эффекторов в межклеточной коммуникации и выполнять транспортную функцию.

В настоящей работе представлен анализ данных литературы о роли экзосомальной сигнализации в развитии основных кардиологических синдромов, а также перспективах использования экзосом в клинической практике.

According to World Health Organization, annually cardiovascular diseases cause 17,5 billion deaths in the developed world. This is the reason why the study of molecular mechanisms of these pathologies has a huge importance for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One of the strategies on this matter is the research of the small extracellular vesicles or exosomes and its role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring their transporting and signaling functions in the development of acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, heart valve diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, vascular atherosclerosis has a great importance.

Exosomes are spherical vesicles of 30–100 nm, expressed by almost all human cells. Their cytoplasmic membrane has lipid bilayer structure with tetraspanins CD9, CD63, CD81 and CD82 as the markers. Exosomes act as effectors transferring microRNA, mRNA, cytokines and growth factors between varies cells.

The aim of this review is to analyze the literature data of exosomal role in the development of main cardiologic syndrome’s and evaluation of existed literature on exosomes potential as therapeutic target.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.