<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2019-6-3-5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нагрузочные пробы в аритмологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Exercise Stress Tests in Arrhythmology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бернгардт</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berngardt</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бернгардт Эдвард Робертович, к.м.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник НИЛ электрокардиологии</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Berngardt Edvard R., MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Senior Researcher of Electrocardiology Research Laboratory</p><p>Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg,  197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edbern@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жабина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhabina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жабина Екатерина Сергеевна, научный сотрудник НИЛ электрокардиологии</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhabina Ekaterina S., MD, Researcher of Electrocardiology Research Laboratory</p><p>Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg,  197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhabina-ekaterina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трешкур</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treshkur</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трешкур Татьяна Васильевна, к.м.н., доцент, заведующая НИЛ электрокардиологии</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Treshkur Tatyana V., MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Head of Electrocardiology Research Laboratory</p><p>Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg,  197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meinetvt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бернгардт Э.Р., Жабина Е.С., Трешкур Т.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бернгардт Э.Р., Жабина Е.С., Трешкур Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berngardt E.R., Zhabina E.S., Treshkur T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/473">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/473</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных о применении проб с физической нагрузкой у пациентов с нарушениями ритма и проводимости, такими как: дисфункция синусового узла, атриовентрикулярные блокады, феномен WPW, фибрилляция предсердий, каналопатии. Показана ценность клинических и электрокардиографических показателей, регистрирующихся во время пробы с физической нагрузкой, для верификации диагноза и определения тактики ведения пациента. Также приведены клинические примеры из собственной практики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents an analysis of literature data on the use of exercise stress tests in patients with disorders of heart rhythm and conduction, such as sinus node dysfunction, atrioventricular blockade, WPW-phenomenon, atrial ﬁ brillation, canalopathy. The value of clinical and electrocardiographic parameters registered during the exercise stress tests for veriﬁ cation of the diagnosis and determination of the patient management tactics is shown. Clinical examples from own practice are given.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проба с физической нагрузкой</kwd><kwd>желудочковые аритмии</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>клинические и электрокардиографические характеристики</kwd><kwd>WPW-синдром</kwd><kwd>синдром удлиненного интервала QT</kwd><kwd>дисфункция синусового узла</kwd><kwd>АВ-блокада</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>синдром Бругада</kwd><kwd>аритмогенная дисплазия/кардиомиопатия правого желудочка</kwd><kwd>автономная нервная система</kwd><kwd>провоцирующие факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exercise stress test</kwd><kwd>ventricular arrhythmias</kwd><kwd>ischemic heart disease</kwd><kwd>clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics</kwd><kwd>WPW-syndrome</kwd><kwd>long QT syndrome</kwd><kwd>sinus node dysfunction</kwd><kwd>AV blockade</kwd><kwd>atrial ﬁ brillation</kwd><kwd>Brugada syndrome</kwd><kwd>arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>triggers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ "НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова" МЗ РФ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трешкур Т. В., Тулинцева Т. Э., Татаринова А. А. и др. Желудочковые аритмии и холтеровское мониторирование — принципы формирования заключения по результатам исследования. Вестник аритмологии. 2018;93:53–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treshkur TV, Tulinceva TE, Tatarinova AA et al. Ventricular Arrhythmias and Holter Monitoring — Principles of Forming a Conclusion on the Results of the Study. Vestnik aritmologii = Bulletin of arrhythmology. 2018; 93: 53–63. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лупанов В. П., Нуралиев Э. Ю., Сергиенко И. В. Функциональные нагрузочные пробы в диагностике ишемической болезни сердца, оценке риска осложнений и прогноза. М.: ПатиСС, 2016. с. 309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lupanov VP, Nuraliev EYu, Sergienko IV. Functional Stress Tests in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease, Risk Assessment of Complications and Prognosis. M.: PatiSS, 2016. p. 309. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M et al. Practice Standards for Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Hospital Settings: an American Heart Association Scientiﬁ c Statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: Endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Circulation. 2004; 110 (17): 2721–2746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M et al. Practice Standards for Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Hospital Settings: an American Heart Association Scientiﬁ c Statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: Endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Circulation. 2004; 110 (17): 2721–2746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ et al. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (21): 1883–1948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ et al. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (21): 1883–1948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Issa ZF, Miller JM, Zipes DP. Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: a Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. Elsevier Inc. 2009. p. 520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issa ZF, Miller JM, Zipes DP. Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: a Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. Elsevier Inc. 2009. p. 520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G et al. 2013 ESC Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: the Task Force on Cardiac Pacing and Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J. 2013; 34 (29): 2281–2329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G et al. 2013 ESC Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: the Task Force on Cardiac Pacing and Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J. 2013; 34 (29): 2281–2329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трешкур Т. В., Бернгардт Э. Р., Тихоненко В. М. Атриовентрикулярные блокады: этиология, клиника, диагностика, лечение: Учебное пособие. 2-е изд. М.: Издательство МИА, 2018. с. 168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treshkur TV, Berngardt ER, Tikhonenko VM. Atrioventricular Blockade: Etiology, Clinic, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2nd ed. M.: Izdatel’stvo MIA, 2018. p. 168. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, 2018 ACC/ AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018. pii: S0735–1097 (18) 38984–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, 2018 ACC/ AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018. pii: S0735–1097 (18) 38984–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woelfel AK, Simpson RJ Jr, Gettes LS et al. ExerciseInduced Distal Atrioventricular Block. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983; 2 (3): 578–581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woelfel AK, Simpson RJ Jr, Gettes LS et al. ExerciseInduced Distal Atrioventricular Block. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983; 2 (3): 578–581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Issa ZF, Miller JM, Zipes DP. Atrioventricular Conduction Abnormalities. In: Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. 2nd ed. Elseiver Inc. 2012: 175–193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issa ZF, Miller JM, Zipes DP. Atrioventricular Conduction Abnormalities. In: Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. 2nd ed. Elseiver Inc. 2012: 175–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakst A, Goldberg B, Schamroth L. Signiﬁ cance of Exercise-Induced Second Degree Atrioventricular Block. Br Heart J. 1975;37(9):984–986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakst A, Goldberg B, Schamroth L. Signiﬁ cance of Exercise-Induced Second Degree Atrioventricular Block. Br Heart J. 1975;37(9):984–986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AlJaroudi WA, Alraies MC, Wazni O et al. Yield and Diagnostic Value of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease Presenting with Syncope. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 6 (3):384–391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AlJaroudi WA, Alraies MC, Wazni O et al. Yield and Diagnostic Value of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease Presenting with Syncope. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 6 (3):384–391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boran KJ, Oliveros RA, Boucher CA et al. IschemiaAssociated Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances During Exercise Testing as a Predictor of Proximal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol. 1983; 51(7):1098–1102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boran KJ, Oliveros RA, Boucher CA et al. IschemiaAssociated Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances During Exercise Testing as a Predictor of Proximal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol. 1983; 51(7):1098–1102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durães AR, Passos LCS, Falcon HCDS et al. Bundle Branch Block: Right and Left Prognosis Implications. Interv Cardiol J. 2015;2:1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durães AR, Passos LCS, Falcon HCDS et al. Bundle Branch Block: Right and Left Prognosis Implications. Interv Cardiol J. 2015;2:1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES); Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF); American Heart Association (AHA); American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), Cohen MI, Triedman JK, Cannon BC, et al. PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of the Asymptomatic Young Patient with a Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW, Ventricular Preexcitation) Electrocardiographic Pattern: Developed in Partnership Between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the Governing Bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS). Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(6):1006–1024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES); Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF); American Heart Association (AHA); American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), Cohen MI, Triedman JK, Cannon BC, et al. PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of the Asymptomatic Young Patient with a Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW, Ventricular Preexcitation) Electrocardiographic Pattern: Developed in Partnership Between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the Governing Bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS). Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(6):1006–1024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bricker JT, Porter CJ, Garson A Jr et al. Exercise Testing in Children with Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55(8):1001–1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bricker JT, Porter CJ, Garson A Jr et al. Exercise Testing in Children with Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55(8):1001–1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perry JC, Giuffre RM, Garson A Jr. Clues to the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Subtle Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome in Children. J Pediatr. 1990;117(6):871–875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perry JC, Giuffre RM, Garson A Jr. Clues to the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Subtle Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome in Children. J Pediatr. 1990;117(6):871–875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daubert C, Ollitrault J, Descaves C et al. Failure of the Exercise Test to Predict the Anterograde Refractory Period of the Accessory Pathway in Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1988;11(8):1130–1138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daubert C, Ollitrault J, Descaves C et al. Failure of the Exercise Test to Predict the Anterograde Refractory Period of the Accessory Pathway in Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1988;11(8):1130–1138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moltedo JM, Iyer RV, Forman H et al. Is Exercise Stress Testing a Cost-Saving Strategy for Risk Assessment of Pediatric Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome Patients? Ochsner J. 2006;6(2):64–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moltedo JM, Iyer RV, Forman H et al. Is Exercise Stress Testing a Cost-Saving Strategy for Risk Assessment of Pediatric Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome Patients? Ochsner J. 2006;6(2):64–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zipes D, Libby P. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 11th Edition. Elsevier, 2018:648–669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zipes D, Libby P. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 11th Edition. Elsevier, 2018:648–669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaita F, Giustetto C, Riccardi R et al. Stress and Pharmacologic Tests as Methods to Identify Patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome at Risk of Sudden Death. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64(8):487–490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaita F, Giustetto C, Riccardi R et al. Stress and Pharmacologic Tests as Methods to Identify Patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome at Risk of Sudden Death. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64(8):487–490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santinelli V, Radinovic A, Manguso F et al. The Natural History of Asymptomatic Ventricular PreExcitation a Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Study of 184 Asymptomatic Children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53(3):275–280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santinelli V, Radinovic A, Manguso F et al. The Natural History of Asymptomatic Ventricular PreExcitation a Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Study of 184 Asymptomatic Children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53(3):275–280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bromberg BI, Lindsay BD, Cain ME et al. Impact of Clinical History and Electrophysiologic Characterization of Accessory Pathways on Management Strategies to Reduce Sudden Death Among Children with Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27(3):690–695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bromberg BI, Lindsay BD, Cain ME et al. Impact of Clinical History and Electrophysiologic Characterization of Accessory Pathways on Management Strategies to Reduce Sudden Death Among Children with Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27(3):690–695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(38):2893–2962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(38):2893–2962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C et al. Risk Stratiﬁ cation in the Long-QT Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(19):1866–1874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C et al. Risk Stratiﬁ cation in the Long-QT Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(19):1866–1874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hekkala AM, Viitasalo M, Väänänen H et al. Abnormal Repolarization Dynamics Revealed in Exercise Test in Long QT Syndrome Mutation Carriers with Normal Resting QT Interval. Europace. 2010;12 (9):1296–1301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hekkala AM, Viitasalo M, Väänänen H et al. Abnormal Repolarization Dynamics Revealed in Exercise Test in Long QT Syndrome Mutation Carriers with Normal Resting QT Interval. Europace. 2010;12 (9):1296–1301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horner JM, Horner MM, Ackerman MJ. The Diagnostic Utility of Recovery Phase QTc During Treadmill Exercise Stress Testing in the Evaluation of Long QT Syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(11):169–1704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horner JM, Horner MM, Ackerman MJ. The Diagnostic Utility of Recovery Phase QTc During Treadmill Exercise Stress Testing in the Evaluation of Long QT Syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(11):169–1704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M et al. HRS/EHRA/ APHRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Inherited Primary Arrhythmia Syndromes: Document Endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(12):1932–1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M et al. HRS/EHRA/ APHRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Inherited Primary Arrhythmia Syndromes: Document Endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(12):1932–1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu G, Gottschalk BH, Kocabaş U et al. Not All Brugada Electrocardiogram Patterns Are Brugada Syndrome or Brugada Phenocopy. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(6):593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu G, Gottschalk BH, Kocabaş U et al. Not All Brugada Electrocardiogram Patterns Are Brugada Syndrome or Brugada Phenocopy. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(6):593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amin AS, de Groot EA, Ruijter JM et al. Exerciseinduced ECG Changes in Brugada Syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(5):531–539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amin AS, de Groot EA, Ruijter JM et al. Exerciseinduced ECG Changes in Brugada Syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(5):531–539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makimoto H, Nakagawa E, Takaki H et al. Augmented ST-segment Elevation During Recovery from Exercise Predicts Cardiac Events in Patients with Brugada Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 56 (19): 1576–1584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makimoto H, Nakagawa E, Takaki H et al. Augmented ST-segment Elevation During Recovery from Exercise Predicts Cardiac Events in Patients with Brugada Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 56 (19): 1576–1584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolf S, Bruns HJ, Wichter T et al. The Ajmaline Challenge in Brugada Syndrome: Diagnostic Impact, Safety, and Recommended Protocol. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(12):1104–1112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolf S, Bruns HJ, Wichter T et al. The Ajmaline Challenge in Brugada Syndrome: Diagnostic Impact, Safety, and Recommended Protocol. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(12):1104–1112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massin MM. The Role of Exercise Testing in Pediatric Cardiology. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;107(5): 319–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massin MM. The Role of Exercise Testing in Pediatric Cardiology. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;107(5): 319–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayashi M, Denjoy I, Extramiana F et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Arrhythmic Events in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Circulation. 2009; 119(18):2426–2434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayashi M, Denjoy I, Extramiana F et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Arrhythmic Events in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Circulation. 2009; 119(18):2426–2434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlsson D, Engvall J, Ando AA et al. Exercise Testing for Long-Term Follow-Up in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50(2): 176–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlsson D, Engvall J, Ando AA et al. Exercise Testing for Long-Term Follow-Up in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50(2): 176–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jouven X, Zureik M, Desnos M et al. Long-Term Outcome in Asymptomatic Men with Exercise-Induced Premature Ventricular Depolarizations. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343(12):826–833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jouven X, Zureik M, Desnos M et al. Long-Term Outcome in Asymptomatic Men with Exercise-Induced Premature Ventricular Depolarizations. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343(12):826–833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aneq MA, Lindstrӧm L, Fluur C et al. LongTerm Follow-Up in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Using Tissue Doppler Imaging. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2008;42(6):368–374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aneq MA, Lindstrӧm L, Fluur C et al. LongTerm Follow-Up in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Using Tissue Doppler Imaging. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2008;42(6):368–374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haywood AF, Merner ND, Hodgkinson KA et al. Recurrent Missense Mutations in TMEM43 (ARVD5) Due to Founder Effects Cause Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies in the UK and Canada. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(13):1002–1011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haywood AF, Merner ND, Hodgkinson KA et al. Recurrent Missense Mutations in TMEM43 (ARVD5) Due to Founder Effects Cause Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies in the UK and Canada. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(13):1002–1011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M et al. ACC/AHA/ ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death): Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006;114(10):e385–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M et al. ACC/AHA/ ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death): Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006;114(10):e385–484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трешкур Т. В., Татаринова А. А., Рыньгач Е. А. и др. «Портрет» желудочковой аритмии у больного ишемической болезнью сердца при холтеровском мониторировании — базовая ступень в выборе тактики ведения. Профилактическая медицина. 2018;6:93–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treshkur TV, Tatarinova AA, Ryngach EA et al. “Portrait” of Ventricular Arrhythmia in a Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease During Holter Monitoring Is a Basic Step in the Choice of Management Tactics. Proﬁ lakticheskaya medicina = Preventive medicine. 2018;6:93–105. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голицын С. П. Устранение желудочковых аритмий и снижение риска смерти: всегда ли пути в одном направлении? Сердце: журнал для практикующих врачей. 2006;5(1):4–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golitsyn SP. Elimination of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Reduction of the Risk of Death: Is There Always a Way in One Direction? Serdce: zhurnal dlya praktikuyushchih vrachej = Heart: a magazine for practitioners. 2006; 1:4–11 In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л. А., Ревишвили А. Ш., Неминующий Н. М. Внезапная сердечная смерть. М.: ГЭОТАРМедиа, 2013.c.272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeriya LA, Revishvili ASh, Neminuyushhij NM. Sudden Cardiac Death. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013. p. 272. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е. В., Трешкур Т. В., Тулинцева Т. Э. и др. Алгоритм ведения пациентов с желудочковыми аритмиями. Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(5):106–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyakhto EV, Treshkur TV, Tulintseva TE et al. Algorithm of the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias. Terapevticheskij arhiv = Therapeutic archive. 2015;87(5):106–112. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аронов Д. М., Лупанов В. П. Функциональные пробы в кардиологии. (3-е изд., перераб. и доп.). М.: «МЕДпресс-информ», 2007.c.328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aronov DM, Lupanov VP. Functional Tests in Cardiology. 3rd ed. M.: MEDpress-inform; 2007. p. 328. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
