transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2019-6-2-25-36transmed-454Research ArticleЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯExperimental studiesВисфатин и его роль в регуляции репродуктивной системыVisfatin and Its Role in the Regulation of the Reproductive Systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3162ШпаковА. О.ShpakovA. O.

Шпаков Александр Олегович - доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эндокринологии и нейрохимии.

Пр. Тореза, д. 44, Санкт-Петербург, 194223

Shpakov Alexander O. - Dr. Sc., Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Biochemistry.

alex_shpakov@list.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» Российской академии наукРоссияSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201909062019622536Copyright © Шпаков А.О., 20192019Шпаков А.О.Shpakov A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/454

Висфатин, называемый также колониестимулирующим фактором прекурсоров B-клеток, вырабатывается преимущественно висцеральным жиром, и в клетках-мишенях активирует 3-фосфоинозитидный путь, каскад митогенактивируемых протеинкиназ и ряд других эффекторных систем. В последние годы появились данные о том, что висфатин регулирует функциональную активность гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной оси, контролируя синтез и секрецию гонадолиберина гипоталамическими нейронами и гонадотропинов гонадотрофами гипофиза, а также влияет на процессы стероидогенеза и фолликулогенеза, воздействуя на репродуктивные ткани. Одним из механизмов его стероидогенного действия является потенцирование стимулирующего влияния инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1 на синтез половых стероидных гормонов. Поскольку продукция висфатина и активность его сигнальной системы в значительной степени меняются в условиях сахарного диабета и метаболического синдрома, то это самым непосредственным образом влияет на регуляцию им репродуктивных функций. Висфатин играет важную роль в сохранении функциональной активности яичников и в поддержании нормального качества ооцитов при старении. Обзор посвящен проблеме структурно-функциональной организации висфатина и его сигнальной системы, роли висфатина в регуляции женской и мужской репродуктивных систем, механизмам его действия на гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадную ось.

Visfatin, also called the pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, is produced mainly by the visceral fat and in the target cells activates the 3-phosphoinositide pathway, the cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases and a number of the other effector systems. In the recent years, evidence has been obtained that visfatin regulates the functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis. Visfatin controls the synthesis and secretion of both gonadoliberin by the hypothalamic neurons and gonadotropins by the pituitary gonadotrophs, and also affects the steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, acting on the reproductive tissues. One of the mechanisms of the steroidogenic action of visfatin is the potentiation of the stimulating effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the synthesis of sex steroid hormones. Since the production of visfatin and the activity of its signaling system vary significantly in the conditions of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, this directly affects its regulation of the reproductive functions in these metabolic disorders. Visfatin plays an important role in maintaining the functional activity of the ovaries and the normal quality of oocytes during aging. The review is devoted to the problem of the structural and functional organization of visfatin and its signaling system, the role of visfatin in the regulation of the female and male reproductive systems, and the mechanisms of visfatin action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.