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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2014-0-3-73-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ И ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка генетических механизмов реализации последствий голодания в раннем детском возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EVALUATION OF GENETIC MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EFFECTS OF STARVATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фрейлихман</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Freylikhman</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olga1-7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ротарь</surname><given-names>Оксана Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rotar</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могучая</surname><given-names>Екатерина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moguchaiya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бояринова</surname><given-names>Мария Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarinova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солнцев</surname><given-names>Владислав Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solntsev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромова</surname><given-names>Наталья Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолина</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kostareva@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конради</surname><given-names>Александра Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konradi</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фрейлихман О.А., Ротарь О.П., Могучая Е.В., Бояринова М.А., Солнцев В.Н., Хромова Н.В., Смолина Н.А., Костарева А.А., Конради А.О., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фрейлихман О.А., Ротарь О.П., Могучая Е.В., Бояринова М.А., Солнцев В.Н., Хромова Н.В., Смолина Н.А., Костарева А.А., Конради А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Freylikhman O.A., Rotar O.P., Moguchaiya E.V., Boyarinova M.A., Solntsev V.N., Khromova N.V., Smolina N.A., Kostareva A.A., Konradi A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/39">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/39</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Определить связь rs9939609 полиморфизма гена FTO, rs1225537 полиморфизма гена TCF7L2 и относительной длины теломер с сердечно-сосудистыми и метаболическими нарушениями у жителей блокадного Ленинграда, переживших голодание в раннем периоде развития. Материалы и методы. В исследовании, проходившем с декабря 2009 по май 2012 года, приняли участие 305 жителей блокадного Ленинграда (ЖБЛ). Группу контроля составили 50 человек, которые родились в тот же период времени, что и обследуемые из основной группы, но в других городах России, а также 440 участников популяционного эпидемиологического исследования (ЭССЕ-РФ). Все обследуемые были интервьюированы согласно специальному вопроснику относительно образа жизни, сердечно-сосудистой патологии, сопутствующей патологии и приема медикаментозных препаратов. Были проведены измерение артериального давления (АД), антропометрия, определение глюкозы и липидов натощак, электрокардиография и эхокардиография. Геномная ДНК была выделена из цельной крови методом выделения на магнитных частицах. Rs1225537 полиморфизм гена TCF7L2 и rs9939609 полиморфизм гена FTO определялись методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с использованием аллель-специфичных праймеров (Applied Biosystems). Длина теломер измерялась отношением количества теломерных повторов к числу копий однокопийного гена 36В4. Результаты. ЖБЛ имели более низкие антропометрические показатели веса, роста и ИМТ, но более высокий уровень ЛПВП по сравнению с контрольной группой. Распространенность сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний значимо не различалась между ЖБЛ и контрольной группой. При анализе относительной длины теломер установлено, что группе перенесших блокаду Ленинграда в сравнении с контролем свойственна меньшая длина теломер: Т/S=0,44 [0,25; 0,64] vs. контроль: T/S= 0,91 [0,47; 1,13] (p &lt; 0,0001). При анализе частоты генотипов и аллелей генов FTO и TCF7L2 не было выявлено достоверных различий по частоте генотипов и аллелей. В группе ЖБЛ генотип ТТ rs9939609 полиморфизма FTO значимо чаще встречался в группе с низким весом при рождении (менее 2500 г) по сравнению с группой с нормальным весом при рождении, %2 = 6,2, p = 0,04. Связь генотипа ТТ с весом в возрасте 65-80 лет не регистрировалась. Выводы. Недостаток питания в раннем периоде жизни, особенно во внутриутробном и позднем детском, способствует укорочению теломер у обоих полов без влияния на сердечно-сосудистую смертность. Влияние других генов, связанных с риском развития ожирения и сахарного диабета 2 типа, также нивелируется спустя семь десятилетий после блокады Ленинграда.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To define relation rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism, rs1225537 TCF7L2 gene polymorphism, relative telomere length with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders in survivors of Siege of Leningrad who lived in the besieged city in the early childhood. Material and methods. During period from December 2009 to May 2012 305 survivors of Leningrad Siege (64-81 years) and two control group: first group (n = 47, 67-82 years) and second group (n = 440, 25-64 years) were examined. All participants were interviewed regarding risk factors, cardiovascular diseases and therapy. Blood pressure (BP) measurement, anthropometry, echocardiography, electrocardiography were performed according to standard guidelines. Fasting serum lipids and plasma glucose were measured. Relative telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR and the ratio of telomere repeat copy number to single gene copy number (T/S) was calculated for each DNA sample. Rs1225537 TCF7L2 gene polymorphism and rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was determined by real-time PCR with allele-specific primers. Results. Survivors had lower anthropometric parameters and higher HDL level. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and target organ damage between groups, even prevalence of atrial fibrillation was slightly higher in the control group. However, survivors have shorter telomere length T/S ratio 0,44 [0,25; 0,64] versus controls 0,91 [0,47; 1,13] (p &lt; 0,0001) both in males and females with clear association with the period of famine in early life. Analysis of prevalence of FTO and TCF7L2 genotype and allele frequencies did not reveal their significant differences in the control group versus the group Siege of Leningrad survivors. In the Siege of Leningrad survivors group TT genotype of rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was significantly more frequent in the group with low birth weight (less than 2500 g) versus the group with normal birth weight, χ2 = 6,2, p = 0,04. Relation of TT genotype and weight at the age of 65-80 years was not recorded. Conclusions. Early life famine among those who survived to the age over 70 years is associated with telomere shortening in both genders but not with cardiovascular diseases and target organ damage. The influence of other genes associated with the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, also leveled after seven decades after the Siege of Leningrad.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>блокада Ленинграда</kwd><kwd>длина теломер</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов FTO и TCF7L2</kwd><kwd>заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы</kwd><kwd>генетические маркеры</kwd><kwd>Leningrad Siege</kwd><kwd>telomere length</kwd><kwd>FTO and TCF7L2 genes polymorphism</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>genetic markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas A., Baker B.A., Desai M. et al. Nutrition in pregnant or lactating rats programs lipid metabolism in the offspring // Br. 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