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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2018-5-2-47-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОБОПОДГОТОВКИ В ПРОТОКОЛАХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РОЛИ ЭПИГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МОДИФИКАЦИЙ ХРОМАТИНА (МЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ ДНК И МОДИФИКАЦИЙ ГИСТОНОВ) В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ГЕНОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS (DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS) IN THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-6562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатьева Елена Владимировна - научный сотрудник института молекулярной биологии и генетики.</p><p>Ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Ignatieva - researcher, Institute of molecular biology and genetics.</p><p>Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lefutr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Дмитрий Дмитриевич - студент, Санкт-Петербургский ПУ Петра великого</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry D. Smirnov - student, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitya.smirnov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костарева Анна Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, директор института молекулярной биологии и генетики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Kostareva - PhD, director of the Institute of molecular biology and genetics.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akostareva@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитриева Рената Игоревна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник института молекулярной биологии и генетики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renata I. Dmitrieva - PhD, Institute of molecular biology and genetics.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pehata@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение  «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр  им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Игнатьева Е.В., Смирнов Д.Д., Костарева А.А., Дмитриева Р.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатьева Е.В., Смирнов Д.Д., Костарева А.А., Дмитриева Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatieva E.V., Smirnov D.D., Kostareva A.A., Dmitrieva R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/389">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/389</self-uri><abstract><p>Эпигенетические механизмы контролируют наследственные и ненаследственные изменения в экспрессии генов, не затрагивая структурные изменения в их нуклеотидной последовательности. К числу известных эпигенетических механизмов относятся ковалентные модификации хроматина, такие как метилирование ДНК; метилирование, фосфорилирование, убиквитинирование, ацетилирование и гликозилирование гистонов. Эти процессы связаны с адаптацией структурной и функциональной организации хроматина к локальным физиологическим и метаболическим нуждам клетки в ответ на постоянно изменяющиеся условия внешней среды. Нарушение механизмов эпигенетической регуляции напрямую или косвенно связано с множеством заболеваний, а факт потенциальной обратимости эпигенетических модификаций делает перспективным поиск методов коррекции патологий, связанных с эпигенетическим перепрограммированием.</p><p>Экспериментальные подходы к изучению эпигенетических механизмов могут показаться сложными начинающему исследователю, так как являются трудоемкими, требуют опыта выполнения сложных экспериментальных задач. В нашей работе мы описали и проанализировали протоколы подготовки образцов для изучения метилирования ДНК и модификаций гистонов. Представленные протоколы являются результатом интеграции и адаптации методических подходов, описанных в различных изданиях. Все экспериментальные процедуры мы тестировали на клеточных моделях жировой дифференцировки мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. Протоколы будут полезны как исследователям, изучающим механизмы эпигенетической регуляции конкретных генов, так и для проведения исследований, включающих полногеномное картирование определённых эпигенетических модификаций, а также могут быть адаптированы для иммунопреципитации любых регуляторных комплексов ДНК-белок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epigenetic changes are defined as inherited/non-inherited modifications that control alterations in gene expression without any structural changes in their nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and glycosylation of histones. These processes are associated with the adaptation of the structural and functional organization of chromatin to the local physiological and metabolic changes in response to environmental conditions. It is known by now that the number of diseases is associated with disruptions in the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation; however, epigenetic changes are dynamic and their potential reversibility makes them the promising targets for pharmaceutical interventions to correct alterations associated with epigenetic reprogramming.</p><p>Experimental approaches to the investigation of epigenetic mechanisms may seem complicated, since they all are time-consuming and require experience in performing complex experimental tasks. In our work, we present the protocols for the preparation of samples for the study of DNA methylation and histone modifications that are the result of integration and adaptation of the methodological approaches described in various scientific publications. All experimental procedures we tested on the cellular models of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. These protocols will be useful for those who plan to study the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of specific genes, or for full-genome mapping of certain epigenetic modifications; these protocols can also be adapted for immunoprecipitation of any regulatory DNA-protein complexes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпигенетические модификации</kwd><kwd>иммунопреципитация метилированной ДНК</kwd><kwd>иммунопреципитация хроматина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epigenetic modifications</kwd><kwd>methylated DNA immunoprecipitation</kwd><kwd>chromatin immunoprecipitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schübeler D. Function and information content of DNA methylation. Nature. 2015;517(7534):321-326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schübeler D. Function and information content of DNA methylation. 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