<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2017-4-1-63-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОЦЕНКА БИОРАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ХИТОЗАНА ГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИЕЙ ПО ГРОКОТТУ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES BIODISTRIBUTION USING GROCOTT METHENAMINE SILVER STAINING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавский</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravskii</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавский Сергей Григорьевич — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель научно-исследовательской группы экспериментальной патоморфологии Центра экспериментального биомоделирования ИЭМ СЗФМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова, ведущий научный сотрудник лаб. слуха и речи НИЦ «ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И. П. Павлова».</p><p>Ул. Пархоменко, д. 15 лит. Б, Санкт-Петербург, 194156</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Zhuravskii - MD, DSc, Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Histopathology, Center of Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov NWMRC; Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Hear and Speech, R C Pavlov FS PSMU.</p><p>Parkhomenko str. 15-B, Saint Petersburg, 194156</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.jour@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юкина Галина Юрьевна — кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией  патоморфологии  НИЦ  «ПСПбГМУ  им.  акад. И. П. Павлова», доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии НИЦ «ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И. П. Павлова»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Yu. Yukina - PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Pathomorphology, R C Pavlov FS PSMU; Associate Professor at the Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department, Pavlov FS PSMU </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pipson@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паневин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panevin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паневин Алексей Александрович — младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской группы экспериментальной патоморфологии Центра экспериментального биомоделирования ИЭМ СЗФМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова, аспирант лаб. слуха и речи НИЦ «ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И. П. Павлова»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Panevin - Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Experimental Histopathology, Center of Experimental Biomodeling, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov NWMRC; PhD Student at the Laboratory of Hear and Speech, R C Pavlov FS PSMU </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apanevin86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почкаева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochkaeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia I. Pochkaeva - Junior Researcher at the Division of Microcirculation and Myocardial Metabolism, Center of Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov NWMRC</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pochapocha20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скорик</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorik</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скорик Юрий Андреевич — кандидат химических наук, заведующий лабораторией природных полимеров ИВС РАН, заведующий химико-аналитическим отделом ИЭМ СЗФМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Skorik - PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Analytical Chemistry Division, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov NWMRC </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yury_skorik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сонин Дмитрий Леонидович — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией микроциркуляции и метаболизма миокарда Центра экспериментального биомоделирования ИЭМ СЗФМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii L. Sonin - MD, PhD, Head of the Division of Microcirculation and Myocardial Metabolism, Center of Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine Federal Almazov NWMRC</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sonin_d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Институт высокомолекулярных соединений» Российской Академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre; Institute of macromolecular compounds</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журавский С.Г., Юкина Г.Ю., Паневин А.А., Почкаева Е.И., Скорик Ю.А., Сонин Д.Л., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журавский С.Г., Юкина Г.Ю., Паневин А.А., Почкаева Е.И., Скорик Ю.А., Сонин Д.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuravskii S.G., Yukina G.Y., Panevin A.A., Pochkaeva E.I., Skorik Y.A., Sonin D.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/238">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/238</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен способ морфологической оценки биораспределения вводимых в организм наночастиц хитозана. На парафиновых срезах печени, легкого, головного мозга, селезенки крыс (сток Wistar, самцы, 250-300 г, n=4) проведена гистохимическая реакция серебрения по методу Грокотта после внутривенной инъекции суспензии частиц хитозана со средним размером около 100 нм (фракция от 15 до 200 нм составляла 90%). Аутопсийный материал получали спустя 2 часа после однократного введения 1 мл дисперсии с концентрацией хитозана 2 мг/мл. Впервые показано, что гистохимической реакцией можно выявлять наночастицы хитозана в клетках и тканях. Таким образом, окраска по Грокотту дает возможность оценивать биораспределение, механизм интернализации, биодеградацию, а также эффективность действия лекарственных веществ, переносимых с помощью хитозан-содержащих дисперсных объектов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We show the utility of morphological method for evaluation of biodistribution of chitosan nanoparticles administered into an organism. Grocott methenamine silver staining was conducted with paraffin-embedded sections of liver, lung, brain and spleen (male Wistar rats, 250-300 g, n = 4) obtained 2 hours after intravenous injection of 1 mL suspension of chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The average size of chitosan nanoparticles was about 100 nm (fraction ranging from 15 to 200 nm was 90%). It has been shown for the first time that the histochemical reaction can be used to identify chitosan nanoparticles into cells and tissues. Thus, Grocott silver staining enables to evaluate the biodistribution, cellular internalization and biodegradation of chitosan-containing drug delivery nanosystems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хитозан</kwd><kwd>гистохимическое окрашивание</kwd><kwd>полимерные наночастицы</kwd><kwd>биораспределение</kwd><kwd>метенамин Грокотта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chitosan</kwd><kwd>histochemical staining</kwd><kwd>Grocott methenamine silver staining</kwd><kwd>polymer nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>biodistribution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berezin AS, Lomkova EA, Skorik YuA. Kon'yugatyi hitozana s biologicheski aktivnyimi soedineniyami: strategii konstruirovaniya, svoystva, napravlennyiy transport k biomisheni. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya himicheskaya. 2012; 4: 778-795. In Russian [Березин А. С., Ломкова Е. А., Скорик Ю. А. Конъюгаты хитозана с биологически активными соединениями: стратегии конструирования, свойства, направленный транспорт к биомишени. Известия Академии наук. Серия химическая. 2012; 4: 778-795].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezin AS, Lomkova EA, Skorik YuA. Kon'yugatyi hitozana s biologicheski aktivnyimi soedineniyami: strategii konstruirovaniya, svoystva, napravlennyiy transport k biomisheni. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya himicheskaya. 2012; 4: 778-795. In Russian [Березин А. С., Ломкова Е. А., Скорик Ю. А. Конъюгаты хитозана с биологически активными соединениями: стратегии конструирования, свойства, направленный транспорт к биомишени. Известия Академии наук. Серия химическая. 2012; 4: 778-795].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kritchenkov AS, Andranovitš S, Skorik JuA. Hitozan i ego proizvodnye: vektory v gennoj terapii. Uspehi himii. 2017; 86(3): 101-118. In Russian [Критченков А.С., Andranovitš S, Скорик Ю. А. Хитозан и его производные: векторы в генной терапии. Успехи химии. 2017; 86(3): 101-118].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kritchenkov AS, Andranovitš S, Skorik JuA. Hitozan i ego proizvodnye: vektory v gennoj terapii. Uspehi himii. 2017; 86(3): 101-118. In Russian [Критченков А.С., Andranovitš S, Скорик Ю. А. Хитозан и его производные: векторы в генной терапии. Успехи химии. 2017; 86(3): 101-118].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki YS, Momose Y, Higashi N, et al. Biodistribution and kinetics of holmium-166-chitosan complex (DW-166HC) in rats and mice. J. Nucl. Med. 1998; 39(12): 2161-2166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki YS, Momose Y, Higashi N, et al. Biodistribution and kinetics of holmium-166-chitosan complex (DW-166HC) in rats and mice. J. Nucl. Med. 1998; 39(12): 2161-2166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seong SK, Ryu JM, Shin DH, et al. Biodistribution and excretion of radioactivity after the administration of 166Ho-chitosan complex (DW-166HC) into the prostate of rat. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2005; 32(8): 910-917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seong SK, Ryu JM, Shin DH, et al. Biodistribution and excretion of radioactivity after the administration of 166Ho-chitosan complex (DW-166HC) into the prostate of rat. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2005; 32(8): 910-917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang H, Kwon J, Oh PS, et al. Peptide-loaded nanoparticles and radionuclide imaging for individualized treatment of myocardial ischemia. Radiology. 2014; 273(1): 160-167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang H, Kwon J, Oh PS, et al. Peptide-loaded nanoparticles and radionuclide imaging for individualized treatment of myocardial ischemia. Radiology. 2014; 273(1): 160-167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clementino A, Batger M, Garrastazu G, et al. The nasal delivery of nanoencapsulated statins - an approach for brain delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2016; 11: 6575-6590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clementino A, Batger M, Garrastazu G, et al. The nasal delivery of nanoencapsulated statins - an approach for brain delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2016; 11: 6575-6590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang DW, Jang SJ, Kim YH, et al. Real-time in vivo monitoring of viable stem cells implanted on biocompatible scaffolds. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2008; 35(10):1887-1898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang DW, Jang SJ, Kim YH, et al. Real-time in vivo monitoring of viable stem cells implanted on biocompatible scaffolds. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2008; 35(10):1887-1898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizuno T., Mohri K., Nasu S., et al. Dual imaging of pulmonary delivery and gene expression of dry powder inhalant by fluorescence and bioluminescence. J. Control Release. 2009; 134(2): 149-154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizuno T., Mohri K., Nasu S., et al. Dual imaging of pulmonary delivery and gene expression of dry powder inhalant by fluorescence and bioluminescence. J. Control Release. 2009; 134(2): 149-154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skorik YA, Golyshev AA, Kritchenkov AS, et al. Development of drug delivery systems for taxanes using ionic gelation of carboxyacyl derivatives of chitosan. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2017; 162: 49-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skorik YA, Golyshev AA, Kritchenkov AS, et al. Development of drug delivery systems for taxanes using ionic gelation of carboxyacyl derivatives of chitosan. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2017; 162: 49-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moraru AD, Costuleanu M, Sava A, et al. Intraocular biodistribution of intravitreal injected chitosan/gelatin nanoparticles. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2014; 55(3): 869-875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moraru AD, Costuleanu M, Sava A, et al. Intraocular biodistribution of intravitreal injected chitosan/gelatin nanoparticles. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2014; 55(3): 869-875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moraru AD, Costuleanu M, Costin D, et al. Iintraocular biodistribution of intravitreal injected fluorescent dexamethasone-chitosan nanoparticles in rabbit eyes. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi. 2015; 119(2):484-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moraru AD, Costuleanu M, Costin D, et al. Iintraocular biodistribution of intravitreal injected fluorescent dexamethasone-chitosan nanoparticles in rabbit eyes. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi. 2015; 119(2):484-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyung Park J, Kwon S, Lee M, et al. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing hydrophobic moieties as carriers for doxorubicin: in vivo biodistribution and anti-tumor activity. Biomaterials. 2006; 27(1): 119-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyung Park J, Kwon S, Lee M, et al. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing hydrophobic moieties as carriers for doxorubicin: in vivo biodistribution and anti-tumor activity. Biomaterials. 2006; 27(1): 119-126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsinzerling A. V. Sovremennyie infektsii. Patologicheskaya anatomiya i voprosyi patogeneza. SPb.: SOTIS, 1993. p. 363. In Russian [Цинзерлинг А. В. Современные инфекции. Патологическая анатомия и вопросы патогенеза. СПб.: СОТИС, 1993. c. 363].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsinzerling A. V. Sovremennyie infektsii. Patologicheskaya anatomiya i voprosyi patogeneza. SPb.: SOTIS, 1993. p. 363. In Russian [Цинзерлинг А. В. Современные инфекции. Патологическая анатомия и вопросы патогенеза. СПб.: СОТИС, 1993. c. 363].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plánka L, Nečas A, Crha M, et al. Treatment of a bone bridge by transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes in a composite scaffold in pigs: experimental study. Acta Chir. Orthop. Traumatol. Cech. 2011; 78(6): 528-536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plánka L, Nečas A, Crha M, et al. Treatment of a bone bridge by transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes in a composite scaffold in pigs: experimental study. Acta Chir. Orthop. Traumatol. Cech. 2011; 78(6): 528-536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tai BC, Du C, Gao S, et al. The use of a polyelectrolyte fibrous scaffold to deliver differentiated hMSCs to the liver. Biomaterials. 2010; 31(1): 48-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tai BC, Du C, Gao S, et al. The use of a polyelectrolyte fibrous scaffold to deliver differentiated hMSCs to the liver. Biomaterials. 2010; 31(1): 48-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grocott RG. A stain for fungi in tissue sections and smears using Gomori's methenamine-silver nitrate technic. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1955; 25(8): 975-979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grocott RG. A stain for fungi in tissue sections and smears using Gomori's methenamine-silver nitrate technic. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1955; 25(8): 975-979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang R, Wang S, Lu H, et al. Misdiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical analysis of 26 immunocompetent patients. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014; 7(12): 5075-5082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang R, Wang S, Lu H, et al. Misdiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical analysis of 26 immunocompetent patients. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014; 7(12): 5075-5082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernardeschi C, Foulet F, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, et al. Cutaneous Invasive Aspergillosis: Retrospective Multicenter Study of the French Invasive-Aspergillosis Registry and Literature Review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94(26): 1-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernardeschi C, Foulet F, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, et al. Cutaneous Invasive Aspergillosis: Retrospective Multicenter Study of the French Invasive-Aspergillosis Registry and Literature Review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94(26): 1-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma L, Xu R, Shi J, et al. Identification of fungi in fungal ball sinusitis: comparison between MUC5B immunohistochemical and Grocott methenamine silver staining. Acta Otolaryngol. 2013; 133(11):1181-1187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma L, Xu R, Shi J, et al. Identification of fungi in fungal ball sinusitis: comparison between MUC5B immunohistochemical and Grocott methenamine silver staining. Acta Otolaryngol. 2013; 133(11):1181-1187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
