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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2016-3-5-129-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ДЕТЕКЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА АУТОФАГИИ В МЫШЕЧНЫХ КЛЕТКАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DETECTION AUTOPHAGY IN MUSCLE CELLS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhareva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bachelor student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., н.с. Института Молекулярной Биологии и Генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, researher Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., с.н.с. Института Молекулярной Биологии и Генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, senior researcher, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худяков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudyakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., н.с. Института Молекулярной Биологии и Генетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, researcher, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>master student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишанин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishanin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., директор Института Молекулярной Биологии и Генетики</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Director of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics</p><p>Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akostareva@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение  высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Северо-Западный  Федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А . Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухарева К.С., Смолина Н.А., Головкин А.С., Худяков А.А., Князева А.А., Мишанин А.И., Костарева А.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухарева К.С., Смолина Н.А., Головкин А.С., Худяков А.А., Князева А.А., Мишанин А.И., Костарева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhareva K.S., Smolina N.A., Golovkin A.S., Khudyakov A.A., Knyazeva A.A., Mishanin A.L., Kostareva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/234">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/234</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. А утофагия — процесс, при котором компоненты клетки подвергаются деградации под действием лизосомальных ферментов, в результате чего формируется аутофагосома. В настоящее время процесс аутофагии рассматривается как одна из точек приложения ряда фармакологических подходов, в частности, при наследственной, орфанной патологии, а также при старении и сердечной недостаточности. Существенное значение для методической оценки процесса аутофагии имеет объект исследования и свойства изучаемой клеточной культуры. В данной работе проводился подбор оптимальных условий оценки процесса аутофагии в мышечных клетках мыши линии C2C12.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В работе проводился подбор условий для реализации таких методов оценки аутофагии, как проточная цитометрия, иммуноцитохимия и иммуноблотинг (Western Blot). Проводился поиск оптимальных условий пермеабилизации клеток различными детергентами, подбор температурных условий, времени фиксации материала и компонентов лизирующих растворов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что обязательным условием раздельной экстракции белка LC3 из растворимой и нерастворимой цитоплазматической фракции является применение детергента дигитонина в концентрации 0,025%. При проведении проточной цитометрии обязательными являются фиксация образцов и сокращенное время отмывки, позволяющее сохранить оптимальное количество клеток для анализа на фоне применения детергентов. Показано, что использование трансфекции клеток плазмидой, несущей LC3, приводит к увеличению необходимого времени сывороточной депривации.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. О птимизированные протоколы оценки процесса аутофагии при помощи детекции раздельных фракций белка LC3 в клетках мышечной линии С2С12 могут быть эффективно использованы при изучении фундаментальных молекулярных и клеточных механизмов развития миопатий и кардиомиопатий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Autophagy is a process, whereby components of cell undergo degradation influenced by lysosomal enzymes leading to autophagosome formation. Nowadays, autophagy is considered as one of the application point in range of pharmological approaches, particularly, in inherited orphan diseases and also in aging, and heart failure. O bject of research and properties of examined cell culture have the essential meaning for methodological evaluation of autophagy. In this work, we present selection of optimal conditions for evaluation of autophagy progress in C2C12 cell line.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. To select the optimal approach to evaluate autophagy progress, we tested flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot (Western blot). T o choose the optimal conditions of cell membrane permeabilization performance various detergents, temperature conditions, time of cell fixation, and components of lysis buffer were compared.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We report, that application of 0,025% digitonin is decisive condition to extract separate protein LC3 fractions (soluble and insoluble). Samples fixation and reduced time of washing are necessary for flow cytometry and allow to maintain optimal number of cells for analysis based on detergent application. We consider, that applying of cell transfection with constructs, carrying LC3, can lead to increase the required time of serum deprivation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. O ptimized protocols for evaluation of autophagy in C2C12 cells over detection of separate fractions of LC3 can be effectively used in investigation of fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms of myopaties and cardiomyopaties development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>клеточная гибель</kwd><kwd>мышечные клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>cell death</kwd><kwd>muscle cell</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society O f Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008; 29(2):270-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E et al. 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