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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2026-13-2-157-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-1135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENDOCRINOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физическая реабилитация пациентов после бариатрических операций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physical rehabilitation of patients after bariatric surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-2664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелуханов</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelukhanov</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шелуханов Николай Константинович ‒ заведующий отделом восстановительного лечения и медицинской реабилитации Университетской клиники, врач-реабилитолог, врач ЛФК, врач-физиотерапевт высш. кат.</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai K. Shelukhanov, MD, Head of the Department of Restorative Treatment and Medical Rehabilitation at the University Clinic, rehabilitation physician, exercise therapy physician, physiotherapy physician of the highest qualification category</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sh.nk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-4064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелявина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyavina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лелявина Татьяна Александровна ‒ д-р мед. наук</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Lelyavina, MD, PhD</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-4690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнюшин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornyushin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнюшин Олег Викторович ‒ канд. мед. наук</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Kornyushin, MD, PhD</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kornyushin_ov@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галагудза Михаил Михайлович ‒ д-р мед. наук, чл.-корр. РАН</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael M. Galagudza, MD, PhD, Corresponding member of Academy of Science</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galagudza@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сонин Дмитрий Леонидович ‒ канд. мед. наук</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy L. Sonin, MD, PhD</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sonin_dl@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-697X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабенко Алина Юрьевна ‒ д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina Yu. Babenko, MD, PhD, Professor, V. A. Almazov NMRC</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina_babenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхто</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyakhto</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шляхто Евгений Владимирович ‒ д-р мед. наук, академик РАМН</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugeny V. Shlyakhto, MD, PhD, Academician, V. A. Almazov NMRC</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shlyakhto@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шелуханов Н.К., Лелявина Т.А., Корнюшин О.В., Галагудза М.М., Сонин Д.Л., Бабенко А.Ю., Шляхто Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шелуханов Н.К., Лелявина Т.А., Корнюшин О.В., Галагудза М.М., Сонин Д.Л., Бабенко А.Ю., Шляхто Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shelukhanov N.K., Lelyavina T.A., Kornyushin O.V., Galagudza M.M., Sonin D.L., Babenko A.Y., Shlyakhto E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1135">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1135</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель лечения ожирения – снижение массы тела до такого уровня, при котором достигается максимально возможное уменьшение риска для здоровья и улучшение течения заболеваний, ассоциированных с ожирением. Добиться этого можно разными путями: от изнуряющей физической активности (ФА) и жесткого ограничения калорийности рациона до метаболической (бариатрической) хирургии. После бариатрической операции (БО) масса тела (МТ) пациента постепенно снижается до 40–50 % в течение 1–2 лет за счет вынужденного уменьшения количества потребляемой пищи. Тем не менее, любое хирургическое вмешательство сопряжено с риском осложнений. Частота нежелательных явлений зависит от квалификации и опыта хирурга, приверженности пациента к рекомендациям, касающимся, в частности, режима физических тренировок и рациона питания. К осложнениям бариатрических операций относят: кровотечение, расхождение анастомоза, стеноз, инфекции и воспаление, эметический синдром, констипацию, демпинг-синдром, дефициты витаминов и микроэлементов. При этом следует помнить, что дефициты микронутриентов часто исходно присутствуют у большинства больных ожирением на фоне избытка потребления простых углеводов и других погрешностей в рационе. Все вышеописанные осложнения могут существенно ухудшить качество жизни (КЖ). Пациенты, перенесшие бариатрическую операцию, могут улучшить качество жизни, толерантность к физической нагрузке (ТФН) и другие кардиометаболические показатели с помощью физической активности. Клинические рекомендации по физической реабилитации (ФР) пациентов после БО не разработаны. Целью настоящего обзора является анализ эффективности и безопасности существующих программ физической реабилитации для больных ожирением, перенесших бариатрическую операцию, по результатам клинических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Оbesity treatments goal is to reduce body weight to a level that maximizes possible reduction in health risks and improves the course of obesity–related diseases. There are many ways to achieve this: from debilitating physical activity (FA) and strict calorie restriction to metabolic (bariatric) surgery. After bariatric surgery, the patient’s body weight gradually decreases to 40–50 % within 1–2 years due to a forced reduction in amount of food consumed. However, any surgical intervention is fraught with the risk of complications. The frequency of adverse events depends on the qualifications and experience of the surgeon, and the patient’s adherence to recommendations regarding, in particular, physical training and diet. Complications of bariatric surgery: bleeding, anastomosis divergence, stenosis, infections and inflammation, emetic syndrome, constipation, dumping syndrome, vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies. At the same time, it remembered that micronutrient deficiencies are often initially present in most obese patients against the background of an excess intake of simple carbohydrates and other dietary errors. All of the above complications can significantly impair the quality of life (QOL). Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery can improve their quality of life, exercise tolerance, and other cardiometabolic parameters through physical activity. Clinical guidelines for physical rehabilitation (FR) of patients after BO have not developed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of existing physical rehabilitation programs for obese patients who have undergone bariatric surgery based on the results of clinical trials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бариатрическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>рацион питания</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd><kwd>физическая реабилитация</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>состав тела</kwd><kwd>толерантность к физической нагрузке</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bariatric surgery</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>physical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>body composition</kwd><kwd>exercise tolerance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта РНФ (Соглашение № 25-75-30010 от 22.05.2025). Работа выполнена с использованием ресурсов Центра коллективного пользования «Центр доклинических и трансляционных исследований» на базе ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The grant of the Science Foundation of the Russian Federation (Agreement No, 25-75-30010, 2025, May 22). This work performed using the resources of Research Equipment Sharing Center “Preclinical Translational Research Centre” at V. A. Almazov NMRC.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российская ассоциация эндокринологов. Общество бариатрических хирургов. Ожирение: клинические рекомендации; 2024. Russian Association of Endocrinologists. Society of Bariatric Surgeons. Obesity: Clinical Guidelines; 2024. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Российская ассоциация эндокринологов. Общество бариатрических хирургов. Ожирение: клинические рекомендации; 2024. Russian Association of Endocrinologists. Society of Bariatric Surgeons. 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