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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2025-12-6-550-561</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-1099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕМАТОЛОГИЯ И ПЕРЕЛИВАНИЕ КРОВИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мобилизация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток для трансплантации: обзор механизмов и современных препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation: review of mechanisms and modern drugs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6248-1731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрильченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strilchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Стрильченко, студент</p><p>Институт медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Strilchenko, student</p><p>Institute of Medical Education</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутылин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butylin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Андреевич Бутылин, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>Институт медицинского образования; лечебный факультет; кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>197341; ул. Аккуратова, д. 2; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Butylin, PhD of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of Medical Education; Medical faculty; Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>197341; 2 Akkuratova str.; St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">butylin_pa@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение&#13;
«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution "V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>550</fpage><lpage>561</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрильченко А.С., Бутылин П.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрильченко А.С., Бутылин П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strilchenko A.S., Butylin P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1099">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1099</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – современный метод лечения онкогематологических и других тяжелых заболеваний крови. Для заготовки трансплантатов преимущественно применяют мобилизацию ГСК с последующим лейкаферезом и оценкой CD34+ клеток; минимально необходимое количество для надежной репопуляции составляет 2×106 CD34+ клеток/кг, тогда как повышение клеточности трансплантата &gt;5×106 CD34+ клеток/кг ассоциируются с более позитивными клиническими исходами. В обзоре представлен наиболее актуальный для ГСК профиль поверхностных маркеров с описанием роли каждого из них в пролиферации и мобилизации CD34+ клеток. Были проанализированы биологические механизмы удержания и выхода ГСК из костномозговой ниши — в частности ось CXCR4/SDF-1 (CXCL12) и взаимодействие VLA-4 с VCAM-1/фибронектином. В работе представлены современные подходы к фармакологической мобилизации ГСК с подробным разбором механизмов. Классические агенты, такие как гранулоцитарный колониестимулирующий фактор – Г-КСФ и плериксафор – демонстрируют эффективность у большинства пациентов, но связаны с побочными эффектами и неудачами мобилизации у ~10–15 % реципиентов. Обсуждаются перспективные препараты: селективные CXCR4-антагонисты (мотиксафортид, баликсафортид), агонисты CXCR2 (MGTA-145), а также подходы, направленные на микроокружение ГСК, такие как ингибирование синтеза гепарансульфатов, активация нейрогенной оси через стимуляцию ноцицептивных нейронов капсаицином с выделением CGRP, MMP-опосредованное ремоделирование матрикса. Анализируется соотношение преимуществ: (быстрая и продуктивная мобилизация, потенциально более функциональные трансплантаты) и ограничений (безопасность, трансляция доклинических данных, необходимость клинической валидации). Оценивается перспективность использования новейших препаратов и альтернативных мишеней в практике. В заключение подчёркивается потребность в сравнительных клинических исследованиях, разработке биомаркеров и персонализированных алгоритмов мобилизации для оптимизации исходов ТГСК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a modern method of treatment for oncohematological and other severe blood diseases. To prepare transplants, HSC mobilization is mainly used, followed by leukapheresis and assessment of CD34+ cells; the minimum required number for reliable repopulation is 2×106 CD34+ cells/kg, while an increase in the cellularity of the transplant &gt;5×106 CD34+ cells/kg is associated with more positive clinical outcomes. The review presents the most relevant profile of surface markers for HSCs, describing the role of each marker in the proliferation and mobilization of CD34+ cells. The biological mechanisms of HSC retention and exit from the bone marrow niche, such as the CXCR4/SDF-1 (CXCL12) axis and interactions between VLA-4 and VCAM-1/fibronectin, have been analyzed. The review presents current approaches to pharmacological mobilization of HSCs, with a detailed discussion of the mechanisms involved. Classical agents, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and plerixafor, demonstrate effectiveness in most patients, but are associated with side effects and mobilization failures in ~10–15 % of donors. Promising drugs, including selective CXCR4 antagonists (motixafortide, balixafortide), CXCR2 agonists (MGTA-145), and approaches targeting the microenvironment of HSCs, such as inhibition of heparan sulfate synthesis, activation of the neurogenic axis through capsaicin-stimulated nociceptive neurons, and MMP-mediated matrix remodeling are discussed. The review analyzes the advantages (rapid and productive mobilization, potentially more functional transplants) and limitations (safety, translation of preclinical data, and requirement of clinical validation). The review addresses the potential of using the latest drugs and alternative targets in practice. Also emphasized the need for comparative clinical studies, development of biomarkers, and personalized mobilization algorithms to optimize the outcomes of HSC transplantation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГСК</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки крови</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>CXCR4</kwd><kwd>SDF-1</kwd><kwd>ниша костного мозга</kwd><kwd>мобилизация ГСК</kwd><kwd>Г-КСФ</kwd><kwd>плериксафор</kwd><kwd>натализумаб</kwd><kwd>капсаицин</kwd><kwd>гепарансульфаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HSC</kwd><kwd>blood stem cells</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>CXCR4</kwd><kwd>SDF-1</kwd><kwd>bone marrow&#13;
niche</kwd><kwd>mobilization of HSC</kwd><kwd>G-CSF</kwd><kwd>plerixafor</kwd><kwd>natalizumab</kwd><kwd>capsaicin</kwd><kwd>heparan sulfates</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болезни крови и кроветворных органов [Интернет]. Центр медицинской статистики ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»; 2023 [цитировано 13 сентября 2025]. Доступно по ссылке: https://niioz.ru/news/bolezni-krovi-i-krovetvornykh-organov/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs [Internet]. Center for Medical Statistics NIIOZ; 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 13]. Available from: https://niioz.ru/news/bolezni-krovi-i-krovetvornykh-organov/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J, et al. 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