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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">transmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трансляционная медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Translational Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-4495</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-5155</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2311-4495-2025-12-5-463-474</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MDFWEH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">transmed-1088</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предиктивная способность алгоритмов предсказания несовместимости HLA-антигенов для стратификации риска отторжения донорского сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predictive ability of HLA antigen incompatibility prediction algorithms  for donor heart rejection risk stratification</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-5867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Килина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Килина Дарья Андреевна — заведующий лабораторией тканевого типирования ЦКДЛ</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Kilina, Head of the Tissue Typing Laboratory, Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory</p><p>2 Akkuratova str., St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kilina2510@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4636-4707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaykina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чайкина Александра Андреевна — ординатор по специальности «лабораторная генетика» кафедры лабораторной медицины с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Chaikina, Resident in Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Education</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aachayka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-0310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнева Любовь Олеговна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории высокотехнологичных методов лечения сердечной недостаточности Института сердца и сосудов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov O. Korneva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of High-Tech Methods for Heart Failure Treatment, Institute of Heart and Vessels</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ljubovkornewa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-3513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазонова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazonova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сазонова Юлия Вячеславовна — ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Sazonova, Assistant, Department of Faculty Therapy, Institute of Medical Education</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulia.via.sazonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-628X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головкин Алексей Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией микровезикулярного сигналинга Института молекулярной биологии и генетики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Golovkin Alexey S., MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Microvesicular Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovkin_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-1971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федотов Петр Алексеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией высокотехнологичных методов лечения сердечной недостаточности Института сердца и сосудов, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr A. Fedotov, MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of High-Tech Methods for Heart Failure Treatment, Institute of Heart and Vessels, Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy, Institute of Medical Education</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drheart@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-5705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинина Ольга Викторовна — доктор биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории микровезикулярного сигналинга Института молекулярной биологии и генетики, профессор кафедры лабораторной медицины с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kalinina, DSc in Biology, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Microvesicular Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Education</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgakalinina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение &#13;
«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени  &#13;
В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской &#13;
Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение &#13;
«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени  &#13;
В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской &#13;
Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>463</fpage><lpage>474</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Килина Д.А., Чайкина А.А., Корнева Л.О., Сазонова Ю.В., Головкин А.С., Федотов П.А., Калинина О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Килина Д.А., Чайкина А.А., Корнева Л.О., Сазонова Ю.В., Головкин А.С., Федотов П.А., Калинина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kilina D.A., Chaykina A.A., Korneva L.O., Sazonova Y.S., Golovkin A.S., Fedotov P.A., Kalinina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1088">https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1088</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Стандартное HLA-типирование и подсчет количества аллельных несовпадений не всегда позволяют объективно оценить риск отторжения. Платформы PIRCHE (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes) и HLA-EMMA (HLA Epitope MisMatch Algorithm) на основании данных HLA-типирования низкого разрешения оценивают несовместимость на эпитопном уровне.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить предиктивную способность платформ PIRCHE и HLA-EMMA для стратификации риска развития отторжения донорского сердца в течение первого года после ортотопической трансплантации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены 160 реципиентов сердца. В течение первого года после трансплантации у 77 реципиентов (группа контроля) не было зарегистрировано отторжение (клеточного 0R–1R и/или гуморального pAMR 0–1). У 83 реципиентов были либо эпизод отторжения (ACR 2R–3R и/или pAMR 2–3), либо летальный исход от любой причины без предшествующих эпизодов отторжения. Несовместимость HLA-антигенов рассчитывали с помощью алгоритмов PIRCHE-T2, PIRCHE-B и шести алгоритмов платформы HLA-EMMA. Прогностическую значимость восьми алгоритмов оценивали методом Каплана-Майера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Статистически значимые различия между контрольной группой и группой с неблагоприятным событием наблюдались для пяти алгоритмов: Allele-MM-L2, AA-MM-L1, AA-MM-L2, SA-L2 и PIRCHE-T2. Наилучшая прогностическая способность была выявлена у алгоритма PIRCHE-T2 при пороговом значении &gt;80. В группе с PIRCHE-T2 &gt;80 неблагоприятное событие наблюдалось у 73,7 % (28/38) реципиентов, тогда как при PIRCHE-T2 ≤80 частота не превышала 45 % (55/122).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования алгоритма PIRCHE-T2 с пороговым значением &gt;80 для стратификации риска отторжения аллотрансплантата в течение первого года после трансплантации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Standard HLA typing and simple allele mismatch counts do not always provide an objective assessment of rejection risk. Platforms PIRCHE (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes) and HLAEMMA (HLA Epitope MisMatch Algorithm) estimate donor–recipient HLA incompatibility at the epitope level, based on low-resolution HLA typing.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To evaluate the predictive ability of PIRCHE and HLA-EMMA for stratifying the risk of heart allograft rejection within the first year after orthotopic heart transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included 160 heart recipients. During the first-year post-transplantation 77 recipients (control group) showed no rejection (ACR 0R–1R and/or pAMR 0–1). Eighty-three recipients experienced an adverse event: a rejection episode (ACR 2R–3R and/or pAMR 2–3) or death from any cause without preceding rejection. HLA incompatibility was calculated using the PIRCHE-T2, PIRCHE-B, and six HLA-EMMA algorithms. The prognostic significance was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for five algorithms: Allele-MM-L2, AA-MM-L1, AA-MM-L2, SA-L2, and PIRCHE-T2. PIRCHE-T2 demonstrated the strongest predictive value with a threshold &gt;80: adverse events occurred in 73.7 % (28/38) of recipients with PIRCHE-T2 &gt;80 versus 45 % (55/122) with PIRCHE-T2 ≤80.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the potential utility of the PIRCHE-T2 with a threshold value of &gt;80 for risk stratification during the first post-transplant year.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация сердца</kwd><kwd>реакции отторжения трансплантата</kwd><kwd>несовместимость HLA-антигенов</kwd><kwd>PIRCHE</kwd><kwd>HLA-EMMA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>transplant rejection reactions</kwd><kwd>HLA incompatibility</kwd><kwd>PIRCHE</kwd><kwd>HLA-EMMA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-20016, https:// rscf.ru/project/24-15-20016/ и за счет гранта СанктПетербургского научного фонда (Договор № 24-1520016 от 24.05.2024).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee. 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