transmedТрансляционная медицинаTranslational Medicine2311-44952410-5155Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia10.18705/2311-4495-2025-12-4-373-386KZFHHAtransmed-1001Research ArticleОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯCANCERХоуминг стволовых клеток крови: биология и клинические перспективыHematopoietic stem cell homing: biology and clinical prospectivesПротасовД. А.ProtasovD. A.

Протасов Дмитрий Александрович — студент лечебного факультета ИМО

Санкт-Петербург 

Dmitry A. Protasov, Student in Institute of medical Education 

Saint Petersburg 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7732БутылинП. А.ButylinP. A.

Бутылин Павел Андреевич — кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры клеточной биологии и гистологии ИМО

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341 

Pavel A. Butylin, PhD, Associate professor in Institute of medical Education

Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341 

butylin_pa@almazovcentre.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииRussian Federation202504112025124373386Copyright © Протасов Д.А., Бутылин П.А., 20252025Протасов Д.А., Бутылин П.А.Protasov D.A., Butylin P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://transmed.almazovcentre.ru/jour/article/view/1001

Ниша гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ГСК) — совокупность микроокружения в костном мозге, обеспечивающая способность ГСК к дифференцировке и самообновлению. Она состоит из взаимосвязанных сосудистой и внутрикостной ниш. Данное разделение актуально при рассмотрении процесса хоуминга, так как гемопоэтические стволовые клетки взаимодействуют с нишами последовательно в процессе приживления. Компоненты ниши костного мозга подразделяются на клеточные и внеклеточные. Все они являются значимыми факторами поддержания гомеостаза ниши, а следовательно, важны для трансплантации ГСК и дальнейшего их приживления.Хоуминг представляет собой процесс самостоятельной миграции гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в костный мозг, происходящий при трансплантации костного мозга — распространенном методе лечения опухолей кроветворной ткани. Однако далеко не вся масса трансплантируемых клеток достигает своей ниши, что влечет за собой ряд побочных эффектов и осложнений данной процедуры. Сегодня активно ведутся поиски методов повышения эффективности трансплантации ГСК. Рассматриваются как способы воздействия непосредственно на миграцию клеток, так и методы предварительного увеличения количества трансплантируемых гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Одной из ключевых точек приложения новых технологий является именно хоуминг, повышение эффективности которого может сократить сроки восстановления кроветворения после трансплантации. Разработка в данной области способна изменить существующую практику трансплантации ГСК и заметно повысить выживаемость пациентов после проведения процедуры.

The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is a specific microenvironment in the bone marrow that maintains the ability of HSCs to differentiate and self-renew. It comprises two interconnected sub-niches: the vascular and the intraosseous. This distinction is particularly relevant in the context of homing, as hematopoietic stem cells sequentially interact with both niches during the engraftment process. The components of the bone marrow niche are divided into cellular and extracellular elements. All of them are crucial for maintaining niche homeostasis and, consequently, are essential for the success of HSC transplantation and subsequent engraftment.Homing is the process of active migration of hematopoietic stem cells into the bone marrow, which occurs during bone marrow transplantation — a common treatment for hematopoietic tissue tumors. However, a significant proportion of the transplanted cells fail to reach their niche, leading to various side effects and complications of this procedure. Currently, there is active research focused on improving the efficacy of HSC transplantation. The approaches under investigation include both methods to directly enhance cell migration and strategies to preemptively increase the number of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells. Homing itself is a key target for new technologies, as improving its efficiency can reduce the time required for blood cell recovery after transplantation. Advancements in this field have the potential to transform current HSC transplantation practices and significantly increase patient survival rates following the procedure.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.